Abstract
To avoid explosive spalling during elevated temperature, crumb rubber (CR) is being added to the manufacturing of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). However, the addition of CR particles adversely affects the mechanical properties of ECC. Therefore, to overcome this issue, nano-silica (NS) is added into rubberized ECC mixture as cementitious material additives. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to optimize the mixtures of the rubberized ECC with variables: CR (0, 2.5, and 5 vol.%), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber (0, 1, and 2 vol.%), NS (0, 1, and 2 vol.%), and fly ash (0, 25, and 50 vol.%). The experimentally measured responses are flexural strength, direct tensile strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, creep, and drying shrinkage. Mathematical models to predict the targeted responses have been developed using RSM. As a result, a high correlation between the factors and responses has been exhibited by the developed models and the accuracy of fit, where less than 9.38% of the variation was found between the predicted and validated results. The experimental results revealed that the rubberized ECC with the incorporation of nano-silica exhibited a higher compressive strength, direct tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and lower drying shrinkage.
Highlights
Scrap tires are one of the world’s largest solid wastes and more than 500 million units of waste tires are deposited each year before any type of treatment [1]
Each mixture was prepared in the following order: the ingredients were first weighed with a weighing scale, the dry materials of cement, fine aggregates, crumb rubber and fly ash were mixed under dry conditions using a pan type concrete mixer (UTEST, Ankara, Turkey) with continuous stirring for about 1–2 min
Both engineered cementitious composites (ECC) mixtures show an increase in creep strain and creep coefficient over time
Summary
Scrap tires are one of the world’s largest solid wastes and more than 500 million units of waste tires are deposited each year before any type of treatment [1]. One solution to counteract this environmental problem is by incorporating crumb rubber (CR) from scrap tires into the production of construction and building materials, such as concrete [6]. As the percentage of CR increases, the strengths (compressive, tensile, and flexural) and elastic modulus of rubbercrete decreases [14,15] This is attributed to the hydrophobic nature of the CR particles, which repel water and entraps air on their surface [10,11,15,16]. The innovative aspects of this study, which include CR particles into ECC, could solve a fundamental problem pertaining to when samples encounter fire This solution would, be beneficial to the way building materials are utilized, and further research could be done on a larger scale
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