Abstract
Surface acidity and basicity, and catalytic activity and selectivity in 1-butanol dehydration at 573 K were measured with pure alumina and with aluminas modified by the addition of 0.6–4.8 wt % of selected ions. The number of acidic centres on the catalysts depended on the introduced ion in the order SO 2− 4 &> F − &> PO 3− 4 &> Cl − &> Zn 2+ &> none &> Mg 2+ &> Na +. The activity of the catalysts, the rate and selectivity of primary olefin formation and the extent of 1-butene isomerization correlated with the total acidity of the catalysts. The other reactions of the network were less sensitive or insensitive to catalyst acidity. The primary olefinic product of 1-butanol dehydration was 1-butene on an catalysts and, in the products of its isomerization, the thermodynamically less stable cis-2-butene always prevailed. It seems that only the activity and relative reaction rates, but not the mechanism of the reactions, are affected by the presence of the above ions in alumina.
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