Abstract
The piezoelectric, dielectric, and optical proper ties of hydrothermally grown ZnO were exam ined. Although the material was strained it was not electrically twinned and the values of the electromechanical coupling factors, k33 (= 0.47) measured by static loading and k31 (= 0.188) measured by the resonance‐antiresonance tech nique, compared favorably with those measured in vapor‐grown crystals. The concentration of Li + substituted on a Zn site which was necessary to compensate the crystals was about 5 × 1018atoms/cm3. This concentration could be ob tained easily by growth from hydrothermal solu tions containing 2.0 molal LiOH. It was neces sary to heat‐treat hydrothermally grown crystals at 800° for about 50 hours, to diffuse out inter stitial zinc, to obtain high‐resistivity material. Typical dc resistivities of 1010 ohm‐cm were ob tained by such treatment. There was a pro nounced anisotropy in the dielectric constant with K33 varying between 9.9 and 11.7 and K11 varying between 8.1 and 9.0 at 100 kc. The size and properties of Li +‐doped hydrothermal ZnO make it of interest for transducers.
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