Abstract
Understanding the properties of cryogenic fluids and the cryogenic properties of materials is vital to the safe operation of cryogenic systems. This chapter describes the properties of typical fluids used in cryogenics including helium, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen as they relate to safety. Lists of suitable and unsuitable materials for cryogenic systems are given and material properties most linked to safety are discussed. Unique safety issues such as the impact of ionizing radiation on liquid nitrogen and the flammability hazards associated with charcoal adsorbers are also covered. References to sources of material properties are given. A list of best practices is included. Additional specific properties are provided in Chap. 5 (Oxygen Systems), Chap. 6 (Hydrogen Systems) and Chap. 7 (LNG).
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