Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a ubiquitous oxygen-carrying molecule found throughout nature in almost all animal species. In humans, it exists as a 64,000 Dalton tetrameric protein comprised of two α-globin chains (141 amino acids each) and two β-globin chains (146 amino acids each), and is found within red blood cells at an extremely high concentration (32 g Hb/dl). Also present in red cells in equimolar amounts is 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), which interacts with the Hb as an allosteric effector to lower the affinity of Hb for oxygen (Benesch & Benesch, 1969).
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