Abstract
This study examined the physical properties of a three-component mineral binder that is typically used in deep-cold recycling. Test binders were produced using Portland cement, hydrated lime, and cement bypass dust (CBPD) as a byproduct derived from cement production. The suitability of CBPD for use in road binders was assessed. Effects of the three-component binder composition on the setting time, soundness, consistency, and tensile and compressive strengths of the cement pastes and mortars were determined. The pastes and mortars of the same consistency obtained at different w/b ratios were tested. On this basis, the mixture proportions resulting in road binders satisfying the requirements of PN-EN 13282-2:2015 were determined. By mixing cement, lime, and CBPD during the tests, binder classes N1 to N3 were obtained. The replacement of 40% of cement mass with the CBPD high in free lime produced road binders suitable for recycled base layers. The total content of CBPD and hydrated lime in the road binder should not exceed 50% by mass. The potential risk of mortar strength reduction due to KCl recrystallization was discussed.
Highlights
Bituminous road surfaces are subject to degradation due to various environmental impacts.Permanent deformation generated in the foundation or mineral base layers is the distress that requires extensive maintenance
The stiffness of the layer can be reduced by replacing cement with supplementary cementing materials (SCMs), such as hydrated lime, and with byproducts of the cement manufacturing process, such as cement kiln dust (CKD) and cement bypass dust (CBPD) [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
An appropriate combination of hydraulic road binder components resulted in the optimal composition for the required mechanical and physical performance in the recycled base course layer
Summary
Bituminous road surfaces are subject to degradation due to various environmental impacts.Permanent deformation generated in the foundation or mineral base layers is the distress that requires extensive maintenance. Pavement lower layers produced using CR are semi-rigid base courses that are typically made with bituminous binders (such as emulsion or foamed bitumen) and mineral binders (Portland cement, hydrated lime, fly ash, or cementitious dusts) [5,6]. An excessive strength of the binder can contribute to over-stiffening of the recycled layer and cause the formation of cracks running through all the layers of the bituminous pavement [2,5]. To counteract this effect and make the mixture more flexible, an appropriate amount of bituminous binder is added [7]. The stiffness of the layer can be reduced by replacing cement with supplementary cementing materials (SCMs), such as hydrated lime, and with byproducts of the cement manufacturing process, such as cement kiln dust (CKD) and cement bypass dust (CBPD) [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
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