Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen.

M Aguilar,M Palermo,E Laudi,J Berdugo,S Haino,M Incagli,P Von Doetinchem,D Maurin,L Derome,G Castellini,Yu Wang,T Siedenburg,A Contin,F Palmonari,F Dimiccoli,C Corti,L Mussolin,G La Vacca,J Marquardt,M Paniccia,F Donnini,J Marín,O Kounina,F Machate,Yi Jia,B Bertucci,L Ali Cavasonza,B Khiali,Y Yang,F Giovacchini,L Barrin,B Heber,J Gong,H Gast,J Torsti,B Borgia,V Vagelli,E Valente,C Freeman,C Gargiulo,F Cervelli,M Tacconi,T Su,M Bourquin,M Pohl,R Sonnabend,A Kounine,S Di Falco,G Coignet,C Solano,F Nozzoli,S Della Torre,A Oliva,A Lebedev,M Behlmann,K Luebelsmeyer,A Egorov,P Mott,T Medvedeva,D Rozza,S Pensotti,A Eline,D Krasnopevtsev,M Capell,I Lazzizzera,M Graziani,L Arruda,D Grandi,M Konyushikhin,M Orcinha,R Battiston,M Pauluzzi,N Nikonov,Z Shakfa,M Vecchi,G Schwering,V Bindi,D Rapin,M Molero,E Fiandrini,G Laurenti,C Mañá,G Ambrosi,P Zuccon,V Choutko,M Gervasi,K Bollweg,E Robyn,V Formato,C Díaz,N Masi,V Koutsenko,J Casaus,L Quadrani,W Xu,A Zichichi,T Urban,C Zheng,V Plyaskin,M Velasco,N Attig,A Rozhkov,V Di Felice,S Chouridou,M Valencia-Otero,B Alpat,M Duranti,B Beranek,A Schulz Von Dratzig,A Kulemzin,Xi Luo,S Schael,C Consolandi,K Dadzie,V Grabski,H Jinchi,Z Cui,X Qin,C Goy,M Zannoni,C Gámez,A Pashnin,Juncheng Liang ,Qiao Meng ,J H Li ,Z M Zheng ,S Li ,S Rosier‐Lees ,B S Shan ,T Kirn ,G M Chen ,В Жуков ,R Z Sagdeev ,C Delgado Mendez ,Lin Cheng ,Jiwei Song ,Z H Li ,Z Weng ,G R Chen ,S M Ting ,Chao-Hung Lin ,Fang Dong ,W J Burger ,Y H Chang ,Lidia Strigari ,Zhao-Huan Yu ,A Conde ,Fengyi Zhao ,Timothy H Hsieh ,J Q Li ,H R Wu ,R Q Xiong ,Sönke Burmeister ,L Q Wang ,Y Chen ,Z Liu ,S C Lee ,C H Chung ,H L Zhuang ,Christopher Light ,A Menchaca‐Rocha ,C H Douglas Clark ,Qiang Sun ,В В Михайлов ,I I Yashin ,R K Hashmani ,J D Negrete ,G Martìnez ,X Tang ,H D Phan ,D M Gómez-Coral ,J H Feng ,Rami Vainio ,Cenk Tüysüz ,H Y Chou ,Z M Wang ,S Q Lu ,J H Liu ,N H Wang ,J P Vialle ,H T Lee ,Jiayu Hu ,Z H He ,Z T Sun ,Jiahui Wei ,Ilya Usoskin ,Yao Lu ,Q Li ,B Demirköz ,J D Burger ,H S Chen ,Thierry Martin ,Э Валтонен ,Z Zhang ,C X Wang ,C Zhang ,Th Lippert ,Q L Wang ,J H Zhang ,M Li ,Junzhou Luo ,L Wang ,Qi Yan ,S Wang ,K Han ,Zhicheng Tang ,M Boschini ,Nicola Tomassetti ,Yi Han ,E F Bueno ,R J García-López ,P G Rancoita ,F Zhang ,Xudong Cai ,X Wang ,Z Y Qu ,Andrew Kuhlman ,G N Kim ,F Barão ,Mónica Vázquez Acosta ,Yangyi Yu ,Xiaojian Song ,Stepan Poluianov ,P H Fisher ,Seth Pree ,W Y Jang ,E S Seo ,Samuel C.c Ting ,Alessandro Bartoloni ,Jie Tian

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.021101

Abstract

We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.15GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46million sodium and 0.51million aluminum nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We found that Na and Al, together with nitrogen (N), belong to a distinct cosmic ray group. In this group, we observe that, similar to the N flux, both the Na flux and Al flux are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component (proportional to the silicon flux) and a secondary cosmic ray component (proportional to the fluorine flux). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity for the N, Na, and Al fluxes and becomes dominant at the highest rigidities. The Na/Si and Al/Si abundance ratios at the source, 0.036±0.003 for Na/Si and 0.103±0.004 for Al/Si, are determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.

Highlights

12IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 13CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea 14CNR–IROE, 50125 Firenze, Italy
We report the properties of sodium
We found that Na

Summary

Published by the American Physical Society

Measurements of the cosmic nitrogen flux with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS) have been reported [2,3]. In this Letter we report the precise measurement of the Na and Al fluxes in cosmic rays in the rigidity range from 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million sodium and 0.51 million aluminum nuclei collected by AMS during the first 8.5 years (May 19, 2011 to October 30, 2019) of operation aboard the International Space Station. The simulation of nuclear interactions has been validated with data using nuclear charge changing cross sections (Mg → Na þ X, Si → Na þ X and Si → Al þ X) [23] measured by AMS, as shown in Fig. S5 of the SM [16] together with the background and its uncertainties as functions of rigidity. Data analysis.—The isotropic flux Φi in the ith rigidity bin ðRi; Ri þ ΔRiÞ is given by

Ni AiεiTiΔRi

To examine the rigidity dependence of the Na and

ΦAl as functions of kinetic energy per nucleon EK multiplied by

ΦN ΦNa ΦAl