Properties and use of plant stem cells in cosmetic products

Abstract

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells present in numerous tissues. Homeostasis and regeneration of those tissues depend on stem cell activity. Skin is the biggest organ of human body that is undergoing constant cellular turnover enabled by the activity of its own stem cells. In epidermis they are located in the bulge region of hair follicle, sebaceous glands and interfollicular epidermis. They also appear in dermis. Their activity is regulated by intrinsic programmes, niche stimuli and environmental factors. Aging of skin stem cells is associated with loss of proper signalling and accumulation of stress induced changes in cells. Cosmetic active ingredients claiming to protect skin stem cells have following effects: to neutralise negative effects of UV rays, to neutralise free radicals, to provide optimal conditions for skin and hair renewal. Plant stem cell extracts are innovative approach for obtaining natural active ingredients in controlled conditions, in ecological and sustainable manner, with possibility of inducing synthesis of desired secondary metabolites. Differences that exist between human and plant stem cells, and their regulatory substances, are defining their application in cosmetics. Their effects on skin are antioxidant, soothing, protection of skin stem cells and skin cells from UV ray induced damages or stimulation of synthesis of extracellular proteins.