Abstract
This paper investigates the use of a Magnetite Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Graphene array sensor in ultra-wide band (UWB) spectrum for microwave imaging applications operated within 4.0–8.0 GHz. The proposed array microwave sensor comprises a Graphene array radiating patch, as well as ground and transmission lines with a substrate of Magnetite PDMS-Ferrite, which is fed by 50 Ω coaxial ports. The Magnetite PDMS substrate associated with low permittivity and low loss tangent realized bandwidth enhancement and the high conductivity of graphene, contributing to a high gain of the UWB array antenna. The combination of 30% (ferrite) and 70% (PDMS) as the sensor’s substrate resulted in low permittivity as well as a low loss tangent of 2.6 and 0.01, respectively. The sensor radiated within the UWB band frequency of 2.2–11.2 (GHz) with great energy emitted in the range of 3.5–15.7 dB. Maximum energy of 15.7 dB with 90 × 45 (mm) in small size realized the integration of the sensor for a microwave detection system. The material components of sensor could be implemented for solar panel.
Highlights
The magnetite PDMS Graphene array sensor is generally constructed of Graphene to form an array circular patch, incorporate a feeding line, parasitic element, and partial ground, as well as PDMS-Ferrite to form magnetite dielectric substrate
It is proven that the ratio of 30% iron oxide nanoparticles leads to improving dielectric properties which directly enhance the sensor performance
Due to the different element construct FR4 and the proposed substrate, which are fiberglass and PDMS-Ferrite respectively, the sensor with FR4 substrate would exhibit a small bandwidth as compared to a sensor with PDMS-Ferrite as substrate which demonstrates large bandwidth because of the correlated effects of permeability, permittivity, and loss tangent [33]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The concept of PDMS-magneto materials has been reported in literature recently, the validation study towards the scientific relation between polymer dielectric with magnetic-based substrates and a Graphene sensor in terms of the bandwidth and gain described in this paper is among the earliest. An overview of such antennas published in the literature is presented in Table 1 to determine that the antenna proposed in this work results in a significant bandwidth enhancement and gain in comparison to the state-of-the art. Bandwidth, and small dimensions of 90 × 45 mm make the UWB sensor suitable for microwave detection purposes [24]
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