Abstract
Regulation of effector T cells by regulatory T cells (Treg) is an essential mechanism for induction and maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. Treg cells represent functionally and phenotypically distinct specialized subpopulations of T lymphocytes and are derived from the thymus or induced in the periphery. In humans, CD4+CD25+FoxP3-expressing T cells represent by far the best-characterized population of thymus-derived Treg (tTreg) cells. Recently, our group has described another subpopulation of CD4+ tTreg cells characterized by the expression of the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), which is involved in immune regulation and parenchymal homeostasis during infectious and autoimmune inflammation.
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