Abstract
The main properties (mechanical, thermal and chemical) and clinical application for dental restoration are demonstrated for three types of glass-ceramics and sintered polycrystalline ceramic produced by Ivoclar Vivadent AG. Two types of glass-ceramics are derived from the leucite-type and the lithium disilicate-type. The third type of dental materials represents a ZrO2 ceramic. CAD/CAM technology is a procedure to manufacture dental ceramic restoration. Leucite-type glass-ceramics demonstrate high translucency, preferable optical/mechanical properties and an application as dental inlays, onlays and crowns. Based on an improvement of the mechanical parameters, specially the strength and toughness, the lithium disilicate glass-ceramics are used as crowns; applying a procedure to machine an intermediate product and producing the final glass-ceramic by an additional heat treatment. Small dental bridges of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were fabricated using a molding technology. ZrO2 ceramics show high toughness and strength and were veneered with fluoroapatite glass-ceramic. Machining is possible with a porous intermediate product.
Highlights
From the eighteenth to the end of the nineteenth century, dental restorations were individually crafted
Due to the rapid entry of this machining technology in dentistry, new ceramic materials such as biomaterials for dental restoration have had to be developed which satisfy the requirements of dentists and their patients
Glass-ceramics based on leucite, K[AlSi2O6], show exceptional biocompatibility. Apart from their good chemical, physical and mechanical properties (Table 1), this type of glass-ceramic is well suited for computer aided machining
Summary
From the eighteenth to the end of the nineteenth century, dental restorations were individually crafted. CAD/CAM methods have become increasingly popular in the dental world [11,12,13] These processing techniques, which are well-known from manufacturing systems engineering, have been adapted to meet dental requirements in recent years. Due to the rapid entry of this machining technology in dentistry, new ceramic materials such as biomaterials for dental restoration have had to be developed which satisfy the requirements of dentists and their patients. These requirements are listed below: Requirements of the dentist and patient:. The machining procedures with CAD/CAM methods are presented on the basis of most relevant clinical cases
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