Abstract

Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, as one of important polymeric materials with extensively scientific interests and technological applications, shows five crystalline polymorphs with α, β, γ, δ and ε phases obtained by different processing methods. Among them, β phase PVDF presents outstanding electrical characteristics including piezo-, pyro-and ferroelectric properties. These electroactive properties are increasingly important in applications such as energy storage, spin valve devices, biomedicine, sensors and smart scaffolds. This article discusses the basic knowledge and character methods for PVDF fabrication and provides an overview of recent advances on the phase modification and recent applications of the β phase PVDF are reported. This study may provide an insight for the development and utilization for β phase PVDF nanofilms in future electronics.

Highlights

  • Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, with interesting scientific and technological properties is the typical representative of polymeric materials [1]

  • Electroactive β and γ phases PVDF could be extensively utilized in spin valve devices, sensors, energy storage, etc

  • CoFe2 O4 nanoparticles to nucleate electroactive β phase PVDF for multiferroic and magnetoelectric applications, and 50 wt. % of NiFe2 O4 and 5 wt. % of CoFe2 O4 can guarantee to obtain more than 90%

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Summary

Introduction

Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, with interesting scientific and technological properties is the typical representative of polymeric materials [1]. PVDF shows five crystalline polymorphs with α, β, γ, δ and ε phases depending on different processing methods [2,3]. The other three PVDF polymorphs are polar and show ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Α, β and γ phases PVDF are mostly investigated for their properties and their extensive applications [5]. Α phase PVDF is easy to obtain, which attracts wide interest to research melt crystallization of PVDF and α to β transformation [6]. Electroactive β and γ phases PVDF could be extensively utilized in spin valve devices, sensors, energy storage, etc. The β phase PVDF was widely investigated for its interesting properties of the pyro-, piezo-, and ferroelectricity, and its inherent properties of light weight, mechanical flexibility, and easy processing. This paper mainly reviews the processing, properties and applications of the β phase PVDF

Phases Characters of PVDF
Processing
Phase Transition Methods
Solvent Casting
Electrospinning
Langmuir–Blodgett
Schematic
Spin-Coating
Solvent Evaporation
Copolymers
Composites
The Electroactive Properties of the β Phase PVDF
Piezoelectric Effect
Pyroelectric Effect
Pyroelectric of Pyroelectric coefficient coefficient of of PVDF
Ferroelectric Effect
Applications of the β Phase PVDF
Sensor
Spin Valve
Magnetoelectric Materials
Energy
Tissue Engineering
Modelling Studies for PVDF
Reversible
Findings
Conclusions and Perspective

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