Propeller perforator flaps for coverage of soft tissue defects in the middle and distal lower extremities

Abstract

The middle and distal leg coverage is demanding procedure for reconstructive surgeon until evolution of local perforator flaps which becomes as valuable options in lower limb reconstruction. The goal of our study was to assess the results, reliability, safety, and possible complications of the local propeller perforator flaps in lower extremity reconstruction. We demonstrate a case series of 11 patients in whom we cover small-to-medium soft-tissue defects of the middle and distal leg by application of local propeller perforator flaps. The site of soft tissue defects were in the distal third in 9 cases (81.8%) and 2 cases (18.1%) in the middle third. Flap dimensions ranged from 48 to 192cm2, with an average size of 88.9 cm2. The flap rotation was 180 degrees in (63.6%) of cases. The flaps were based on a single perforator of the posterior tibial artery in 8 (72.7%) cases and peroneal artery perforator in 3 (27.2%) cases. Complications were present in 18% of the perforator flaps which were based on peroneal artery perforator, one partial necrosis and one flap with a superfacial epidermolysis. The donor area is covered by split thickness skin graft in 63.6% of our cases and primary closure of in 36.3% of cases. The perforator propeller flaps are safe, relatively simple procedure and consider as an ideal option in reconstructing small-medium defects of the middle and distal third of the leg which provide similar skin texture with low donor site morbidity.