Abstract
Abstract: Greenhouse experiments were conducted in Greece to evaluate the level of propanil resistance in three barnyardgrass biotypes collected from rice fields where propanil had been used for around 25 yr. Suspected resistant biotypes were not controlled by propanil at 2.6, 5.2, 10.4, and 20.8 kg ai/ha, with the highest rate five times greater than the recommended rate. Control was reduced even more when propanil application was delayed until the three- to five-leaf stage. The susceptible barnyardgrass biotype collected from a nontreated propanil area was controlled with 2.6 kg/ha propanil. All barnyardgrass biotypes were effectively controlled by quinclorac (0.75 kg ai/ha) applied either alone at the two- to three-leaf stage or in mixture with propanil (3.5 kg/ha) at the three- to five-leaf stage. Only two of the resistant barnyardgrass biotypes were effectively controlled by azimsulfuron (0.02 kg ai/ha) applied alone at the two- to three-leaf stage, but all biotypes were controlled with the addition ...
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