Abstract
In this article, the interaction of solitary waves and a submerged slotted barrier is investigated in which the slotted barrier consists of three impermeable elements and its porosity can be determined by the distance between the two neighboring elements. A new experiment is conducted to measure free surface elevation, velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy. Numerical simulation is performed using a two-dimensional model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the non-linear k-ɛ turbulence model. A detailed flow pattern is illustrated by a flow visualization technique. A laboratory observation indicates that flow separations occur at each element of the slotted barrier and the vortex shedding process is then triggered due to the complicated interaction of those induced vortices that further create a complex flow pattern. During the vortex shedding process, seeding particles that are initially accumulated near the seafloor are suspended by an upward jet formed by vortices interacting. Model-data comparisons are carried out to examine the accuracy of the model. Overall model-data comparisons are in satisfactory agreement, but modeled results sometimes fail to predict the positions of the induced vortices. Since the measured data is unique in terms of velocity and turbulence, the dataset can be used for further improvement of numerical modeling.
Highlights
Coastal structures are typically employed to reduce wave energy so as to mitigate coastal hazards for protecting the local residence [1] and coastal species [2]
Wu and Hsiao [7] numerically investigated solitary waves over a submerged dual-slotted-barrier system using a well-validated wave model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) by providing a simple empirical formula for estimating RTD coefficients, where wave conditions and porosities of each barrier are considered as the primary parameters for the estimations
The slotted barrier was designed with an overall dimension of 10 cm high and 2 cm thick, which is identical to the study of a solid barrier under solitary waves [13], and was consisted of three identical square elements with a dimension of 2 cm × 2 cm made by transparent acrylic units
Summary
Coastal structures are typically employed to reduce wave energy so as to mitigate coastal hazards for protecting the local residence [1] and coastal species [2]. As reviewed in Huang et al [9], most available studies in the literature have focused on evaluating the hydraulic performance in terms of wave reflection (R), transmission (T), and dissipation (D) coefficients, where surface-piercing-type barriers received more attention than those of submerged-type ones. Wu and Hsiao [7] numerically investigated solitary waves over a submerged dual-slotted-barrier system using a well-validated wave model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) by providing a simple empirical formula for estimating RTD coefficients, where wave conditions and porosities of each barrier are considered as the primary parameters for the estimations. Based on statements mentioned in available literature, the horizontal slotted barrier with rectangular elements may be the optimized setup as effective coastal structures, which can be considered a two-dimensional (2D) problem. The primary aim is to investigate and understand the flow fields of solitary waves interacting with a submerged slotted barrier experimentally and numerically. Model-data comparisons in terms of the free surface elevation time series, the mean velocities, and the turbulent kinetic energy are performed to examine the accuracy of the numerical model and point out the limitation of numerical simulations
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