Abstract
On clear, dry nights a sound channel, the nocturnal duct, forms in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere. Impulsive sound propagating in a nocturnal duct undergoes severe distortion due to multipath effects and dispersion. At long ranges from the source, the signal from a single impulse is received as an extended wave train beginning with a series of distinct arrivals and ending with a low frequency tail. The nature and form of each of the arrivals will be described. The influence of elevated wind jets and the associated convergence zones will be discussed. Possible applications to signature identification and source ranging will be presented.
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