Abstract
In this paper, two different mechanisms return stroke-lateral corona (RS-LC) system and red sprites which excite Earth-ionosphere waveguide have been discussed. The electric and magnetic fields from RS-LC system and red spites in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide have been calculated. It has been found that red sprites contribute to the Schumann resonances (SR) greatly as compared to the RS-LC system.
Highlights
Lightning discharge is primarily considered as the source of radio frequencies ranging from a few Hertz to microwaves.Return stroke is the most intense form of cloud-to-ground lightning
UHF generated from lightning discharge can penetrate the ionosphere but the extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) waves are reflected from the ionospheric boundary and propagate within the Earthionosphere waveguide
The calculated Schumann resonances (SR) electric and magnetic fields strength from return stroke-lateral corona (RS-LC) system has been found of the order of 10-5 Vm-1 and 10-8 Am-1 respectively at 1000 and 5000 km from the source
Summary
Lightning discharge is primarily considered as the source of radio frequencies ranging from a few Hertz to microwaves. Earth and ionosphere having good electrical conductivities at ELF and VLF form a natural cavity which is commonly known as Earth-ionosphere waveguide [1]. UHF generated from lightning discharge can penetrate the ionosphere but the ELF and VLF waves are reflected from the ionospheric boundary and propagate within the Earthionosphere waveguide. The Earth-ionosphere waveguide behaves like a resonator at ELF frequencies and amplifies the signals from lightning at the resonance frequencies. The resonant frequency of nth mode fn for an ideal Earth-ionosphere waveguide is given by [2]. According to equation (1), the first five resonance frequencies are 10.6, 18.4, 26.0, 35.5, and 41.1 Hz. In the above calculation (equation 1), the ionosphere is considered as the perfect conductor, but in reality it has some finite conductivity. The SR frequencies “ω” can be calculated using the ionospheric parameters by following relation [3]
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