Abstract
The quasi-static energy density and corresponding energy velocity of electromagnetic waves in dielectrics and metamaterials consisting of arrays of wires and split-ring resonators (SRRs) were approximated by functions of the (effective) constitutive parameters. Using the Poynting theorem for a quasimonochromatic electromagnetic wave concurrently interacting with electric and magnetic dipoles, exact formulas for the average total energy density and energy velocity of the wave in a dispersive medium with losses are derived as functions of the refractive index . The energy velocity satisfies relativistic causality in the passive dispersive medium and generalizes notions of the group and energy velocities. Calculation of the energy density of the magnetic field in a medium with the non-Lorentz permeability is also clarified in the Appendix.
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