Abstract
The Study demonstrated the role of some growth regulators in the induction of growth and differentiation of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) callus. Benzyladenine (BA) was used as cyokinine at concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0) mg/L. While dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2.4-D), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indolebutyric acid (IBA) for each were used as auxin at various concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.5) mg/L. The results indicated that the best medium sustaining maximum callus growth was the MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA and NAA as it increases the fresh weight as 2.555 g during 90 days of growth. The result showed that BA at 1.0 mg/L and IBA at 0.1 mg/L were the most effective in shoot proliferation and elongation from almond stem explants, since these shoots developed at higher concentrations (0.5 mg/L IBA and 2 mg/L BA) showed a small amount of black callus at the base of the shoots. Moreover, shoots development from callus when it was transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L of BA, after 30 days. Also addition of 4% of sucrose to MS medium stimulated the initiation of callus rather well. However, the addition of 5% of sucrose to MS medium enhanced the number of shoots formation from stem expants of almond, reaching 8 shoots. The result indicated also that the addition of 2 mg/L BA only to regeneration medium stimulated roots formation at the base of shoots, when these shoots were cultured on that medium. The plant developed on this medium can be readily transferred to the soil after hardening.
Highlights
The Study demonstrated the role of some growth regulators in the induction of growth and differentiation of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) callus
The results indicated that the best medium sustaining maximum callus growth was the MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as it increases the fresh weight as 2.555 g during 90 days of growth
والتمايز ).(Gurel and Gulsen, 1998; Mohammad and Abood, 1990 وأشارت النتائج أيضا إلى تكوين الكالس عند قواعد الفروع الخضرية عند إضافة BAبتركيز 2.0 ملغم/لتر و Indolebutyric acid (IBA)بتركيز 0.5ملغم/لتر مما سبب ضعف في نمو الفروع الخضرية ،وربما يعود سبب ذلك إلى تأثير المركبات الفينولية التي تفرزها خلايا الكالس والتي تتراكم عند قاعدة الفروع الخضرية أو بسبب تنافس خلايا الكالس مع الفروع الخضرية على المواد الغذائية في الوسط الغذائي ) Gurel and Gulsen, .(1998إن تمايز الكالس إلى فروع خضرية مع تغير لون الكالس من الأخضر إلى الأسود عند نقله مـن أوساط غذائية حاوية على BAو Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)إلى أوساط أخرى حاوية على BAفقط ،يفـسر أن الاوكـسين NAAيمتلك فعالية في استحداث ونمو الكالس ويخمد وبقوة تكـوين الأعـضاء فـي مـزارع الكـالس )سلمان ،(1988 ،بينما تميز الكالس النامي على الأوساط المجهزة بـ 2,4-Dو NAAو IBAمـع BA بعدم قدرته على التمايز لتكوين الجذور وربما يعود السبب إلى عدم التوصل إلى التركيـز الأمثـل مـن ألاوكسينات والذي يتلائم مع المستوى الداخلي له في خلايا الكـالس )
Summary
The Study demonstrated the role of some growth regulators in the induction of growth and differentiation of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) callus.
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