Abstract
We present a numerical and experimental study of the propagation characteristics of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) selectively filled with ionic liquid (IL; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodine). Three types of IL-filled PCF are investigated: one with all air holes filled, one with an IL-filled air hole in the second ring, and one with an IL-filled air hole in the third ring. The results show that the third type of IL-filled PCF is the most sensitive to temperature; the sensitivity of resonant dips between the LP01 and LP21 modes is ∼−2.9 nm/°C. Moreover, the intensity of the resonant dips changes with the polarization angle of the light source; the sensitivity is ∼−0.79 dB per unit polarization angle. Based on this property, IL-filled PCFs with different utilities can be realized by changing the filling position flexibly. Consequently, IL-filled PCFs can be used under flexible conditions and controllable temperatures to create a compact polarization-angle sensor.
Highlights
We investigate three types of Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) selectively filled with ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodine): one with all air holes filled, one with an IL-filled air hole in the second ring, and one with an IL-filled air hole in the third ring
In each type of filled PCF, the length filled with IL was nearly 8.0 cm, and the air holes at either end were left to reduce the splice loss when spliced with a standard single-mode fiber (SMF; Corning SMF-28)
The filled PCFs were placed in a temperature chamber to change the effective refractive index of the IL
Summary
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have good-quality microfluidic channels throughout their length, being able to hold a sample volume of a few nanoliters per centimeter of fiber. With the help of selective filling technology, selectively filled PCFs have attracted considerable interest in optical-fiber device fabrication, and they offer a number of potential applications in environmental monitoring, biological detection, and sensing, among others.. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have good-quality microfluidic channels throughout their length, being able to hold a sample volume of a few nanoliters per centimeter of fiber.. With the help of selective filling technology, selectively filled PCFs have attracted considerable interest in optical-fiber device fabrication, and they offer a number of potential applications in environmental monitoring, biological detection, and sensing, among others.. ILs are used widely nowadays as solvents and reaction media in many diverse applications such as carbon dioxide sensors, electrospinning, catalysis, energy storage, and nanostructure synthesis.. We investigate three types of PCF selectively filled with IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodine): one with all air holes filled, one with an IL-filled air hole in the second ring, and one with an IL-filled air hole in the third ring. The transmission properties of these selectively filled PCFs are analyzed numerically and experimentally
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