Abstract
A 2.45 GHz active integrated ZigBee RFID system embedded with GPS is developed with an automated switching protocol algorithm utilizing wireless sensor network (WSN) platform to track the physical belongings or people in indoor and outdoor environments within a control area. In addition, to make the system contactless when the tag is not joining the network, the function of global system for mobile (GSM) communication is added to the integration. The communication between RFID reader and RFID tags is via WSN platform that supports mesh network and self-healing mechanism. Energy efficiency, robustness, and reliability are key factors in the design algorithm of the system. Comparisons are made between the existing active RFID system and the proposed active RFID system to study the performance of the proposed RFID system with an automated switching algorithm implemented on it. Based on the experimental study and statistical analysis done for all situations, a conclusion has been made where the proposed embedded RFID tag provided better signal propagation compared to the existing RFID tag and the battery lifetime for embedded RFID tag with switching mechanism is better than without switching mechanism.
Highlights
RFID and wireless sensor network (WSN) are two important wireless technologies that have a wide variety of applications in current and future systems
It shows that the proposed RFID system contributes to stronger radiation compared to existing RFID system
This paper describes the implementation of an automated switching algorithm in the design of a 2.45 GHz active integrated RFID system for indoor and outdoor location tracking utilizing WSN platform
Summary
RFID and WSN are two important wireless technologies that have a wide variety of applications in current and future systems. Because an object that is embedded with an RFID tag is trackable, RFID technology provides a reasonable addition to WSN in tracking objects that otherwise are difficult to sense especially in an indoor environment. Sensors can provide various sensing capabilities to RFID tags, push logic into nodes to enable RFID readers and tags to have intelligence, and provide the RFID system with the capability of operating in multihop communication, which potentially can extend the applications of RFIDs. In addition, GPS is the best solution to track the outdoor location since it is unable to work completely indoors or in an environment with obstacles and GSM is for global communication. The algorithm developed includes multimode configuration; International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks sleep and continuous mode, multiprotocol; reader talk first (RTF) and tag talk first (TTF) and multimode communication; and application programming interface (API) mode and application transparent (AT) mode
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