Abstract
A detailed review on the technological aspects of Blockchain and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is presented in this article. It stipulates an emerging concept of Blockchain that integrates hardware security primitives via PUFs to solve bandwidth, integration, scalability, latency, and energy requirements for the Internet-of-Energy (IoE) systems. This hybrid approach, hereinafter termed as PUFChain, provides device and data provenance which records data origins, history of data generation and processing, and clone-proof device identification and authentication, thus possible to track the sources and reasons of any cyber attack. In addition to this, we review the key areas of design, development, and implementation, which will give us the insight on seamless integration with legacy IoE systems, reliability, cyber resilience, and future research challenges.
Highlights
IntroductionIoT technology enables the IoE by creating networks of smart sensors that have numerous smart grid applications [7]
We have reviewed the hybrid use of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Blockchain for integrated circuits (ICs) traceability, verification and authentication in IoE systems
Productivity Paradox: The effectiveness with which PUF and Blockchain networks can execute peer-to-peer data transfer comes at a high aggregate cost/bandwidth, which is greater for a dense edge system
Summary
IoT technology enables the IoE by creating networks of smart sensors that have numerous smart grid applications [7] Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) continue to move into a future, where IoE [8,9,10] is driven by the combination of secure intelligent mobile-edge devices and highbandwidth communications with real-time data analytics [11] These next-generation technologies lead towards virtualisation [12,13], security [14,15,16], automation [17,18], and digitalisation [19] capabilities that enable the use and management of more sustainable resources in operational technology (OT).
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