Pronounced fluctuations of pions in ring-like events in 16O–Ag/Br interactions at 60AGeV/c in the framework of complex network analysis

Abstract

Visibility graphs (VGs), horizontal visibility graphs (HVGs) and the sandbox algorithm (SB) are applied for multifractal characterization of complex network systems that are converted from time series measurements, are used to characterize the fluctuations in pseudorapidity densities of singly charged particles produced in [Formula: see text]O–AgBr interactions at 60[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]GeV. The work presents the analysis of ring-like and jet-like events in terms of multifractality characterization of [Formula: see text]O–AgBr interactions at 60[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]GeV. We systematically compared the experimental events of both ring- and jet-like events with Monte Carlo (MC) simulated events. The investigation reveals that the multifractal spectrum for the jet-like events and ring-like events is different and can be distinguished. The ring-like events have its parameters slightly higher than that of jet-like events. Further analysis shows that the strength of the nonstatistical fluctuations is larger for ring-like events than those of jet-like events. The SB method presented here appears to be more useful than the conventional methods used for multifractal characterization.