Promotion incentives for local officials and the expansion of urban construction land in China: Using the Yangtze River Delta as a case study

Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has maintained rapid growth. At the same time, the process of urbanization in China has been accelerating and the scale of urban construction land has expanded accordingly. The purpose of the research is to explore whether there is an inevitable connection between the expansion of urban construction land and economic growth. This study uses 108 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example. Considering panel data from 2005 to 2015, the spatial econometric model was used to explore the impact of urban construction land expansion on regional economic growth. The results are as follows: (1) The expansion of construction land in cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant impact on economic growth but the extent of the impact is not as great as that of capital stock. (2) In the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the expansion of urban construction land in a certain area has not only a positive effect on the local economic growth but also a certain spillover effect and it can promote the economic development level of the adjacent areas in the economic belt. (3) Although the expansion of urban construction land along the Yangtze River Economic Belt promotes economic growth, there are obvious differences between regions. The expansion of urban construction land in the central region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant driving effect on economic growth. However, the expansion of urban construction land in the eastern and western regions has no significant effect on the economic growth of the respective regions. Finally, based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations for economic development in different regions. These research conclusions will also facilitate the follow-up of other researchers to further explore the driving factors of the economic development of many prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the related mechanisms for the expansion of construction land to promote economic growth.

Under the background of global urbanization, the continuous expansion and extensive utilization of urban and rural construction land has caused a large amount of arable land to be occupied, which seriously threatens national food security. This paper describes the spatio-temporal patterns of urban and rural construction land expansion and its occupation of arable land by using the urban and rural construction land expansion intensity, the urban and rural construction land expansion intensity difference index, and geo-detector model. It also explores the mechanisms through which the arable land was occupied. Results showed that construction land in both urban and rural areas expanded over the period 2009-2018 despite a large number of rural and urban migrants, and the major contributor to the rapid urbanization in China. This dual expansion could mainly be attributed to the tendency of these migrants to keep or even enlarge their rural construction land, which also resulted in a severer arable land loss than that caused by the expansion of urban construction land. Second, the rate of arable land occupied by urban and rural construction land in Henan province has been gradually slowing down, whereas the expansion of rural construction land is most dependent on arable land occupation. Third, according to the geo-detector model, the relationship between urbanization level and arable land occupied by urban and rural construction was the strongest, followed by the growth rate of fixed asset investment and the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries in GDP.

Relationship between urban construction land expansion and population/economic growth in Liaoning Province, China

Multiscale analysis of the correlation patterns between the urban population and construction land in China

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 1988-2013年重庆市主城九区生态用地空间结构及其生态系统服务价值变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201508081672 作者: 作者单位: 西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学资源环境学院,重庆市规划设计研究院,西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学资源环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划资助项目（2012BAD14B18） Changes in the spatial structure of ecological land and ecosystem service values in nine key districts of Chongqing City over the past 25 years Author: Affiliation: College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing Planning and Design Institute,College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在当前快速城市化的背景下，理解和把握城市生态系统服务功能退化原因及规律的最有效手段是对其生态用地结构及其生态系统服务价值进行准确的评估。采用RS、GIS技术以及生态系统服务价值评估等方法，对重庆市主城九区1988、1996、2004、2013年4个时段遥感影像进行解译及比较分析，结果表明：1988-2013年间，重庆市主城九区城市化水平经历了加速阶段、减速阶段及饱和阶段，城市化水平的提高对城市建设用地增长的影响显著；重庆市主城九区生态用地主要为城市提供了食物生产、提供原材料、废物处理、土壤形成与保护、气候调节、气体调节、生物多样性以及水源涵养等生态系统服务，在结构变化上呈现出“二减三增”的结构变化特点；25年间重庆市主城九区共减少生态系统服务价值260.60×106元，整体处于下降趋势，其中农地的生态系统服务价值损失最大，共减少24.50%；在空间分布上，随着城市建设用地向“南-北-西”方向扩展，生态系统服务价值以中梁山与铜锣山之间的区域减少最为严重，整个研究区生态系统服务价值下降的主要原因来自于农地的大量减少以及城市建设用地扩张所带来的生态负影响。研究结果表明在重庆市主城九区生态用地空间格局与生态系统服务变化之间存在密切相关性，在城市化率达到饱和阶段后应严格控制建设用地增长，促进建设用地集约节约利用，加大农地的保护力度以及对林地、水体、草地的维护，维持整个区域的生态平衡。研究可为科学合理布局和保护城市生态用地提供信息资料和决策参考。 Abstract:Land-use change is a major factor that drives changes in ecosystem services. Measuring variations in the values of ecosystem services that correspond to changes in land use is an effective way of assessing environmental costs and benefits for environmental policy planning. The present study adopted the above approach in the current context of rapid urbanization, using the nine key districts of Chongqing City (a typical fast-growing Chinese city) as a case study. Conducting accurate assessments of the structure of ecological land and associated ecosystem service values has emerged as the most effective approach for understanding the causes and patterns of the functional degradation of ecological services. Together with accurate spatial datasets of LandsatTM images from 1988 to 2013, we used remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) technologies, and ecosystem service value assessment methods to analyze the urbanization levels of Chongqing`s nine key districts. The present study explored variations in the spatial structure of urban ecological land and the effects of different levels of urbanization across these districts on the expansion of urban construction land. The study further assessed changes in monetized values of ecosystem services that were caused by changes in the structure of urban ecological land. The results showed that from 1988 to 2013, urbanization levels of the study districts first underwent an acceleration phase, subsequently shifting to a deceleration phase, and finally reaching a saturation phase. Increased urbanization levels had a significant impact on the expansion of urban construction land. The ecological land in these districts of Chongqing provides a number of ecosystem services, including food production, supplemental raw materials, waste treatment, soil formation and protection, climate regulation, gas regulation, and biodiversity and water conservation. The structural changes of ecological land evidenced a "two minus three growth" pattern. The value of ecosystem services calculated for the study districts revealed a total loss of 260.60×106 Yuan over the past 25 years. The greatest loss was incurred for the value of farmland ecosystem services that showed a reduction of 24.5%. Together with the spatial distribution change, entailing the expansion of urban construction land toward the west, north, and south, the greatest loss in terms of the ecosystem service value was incurred in the region between the Zhongliang and Tongluo mountains. The main reason for the decline in ecosystem service values over the entire study area was the negative impact resulting from farmland reduction and the expansion of construction land. The present study revealed a strong correlation between the spatial pattern of ecological land and changes in ecosystem service values in relation to the different urbanization levels of Chongqing's nine key districts. Once the urbanization level reach saturation, strict regulations should be implemented to control the expansion of construction land and promote its intensive use. Efforts to protect farmlands, forests, grasslands, and wetlands should be enhanced to maintain the ecological balance of the entire region. This research can provide information and guidelines to facilitate decision-making in relation to the design of scientific and rational layouts as well as urban ecological land protection. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Studying the expansion of urban construction land is necessary to promote rational land use and scientific territorial spatial planning. To reveal urban built-up areas, this study uses 1990–2020 Landsat remote sensing images, superimposed with NPP/VIIRS nighttime light. To extract urban construction land, support vector machines are then used to conduct classification experiments. The spatial-temporal features are analyzed using the expansion index, the shift of the center of gravity, and expansion direction, while influencing factors are analyzed using a Geodetector. The results show the following: (1) Urban construction land in Nanchang continued expanding from 1990 to 2020, by 385.22 km2, with an average annual expansion intensity of 0.18% and an average annual growth rate of 6.2%. (2) During this time period, the expansion of urban construction land in Nanchang underwent three development stages from: low-strength with low-speed, low-strength with medium-speed, and medium-strength with low-speed expansion. The types of urban construction land expansion were primarily found to be edge expansion and outlying expansion. (3) The overall center of gravity of urban construction land shifts northwest, with significant expansion SW, NW, S, N, and W. (4) Urban planning policy is the dominant driving factor for urban expansion, whereas natural geographic factors have the weakest influence. The results suggest that planning policies should focus on strengthening the rational use and protection of land resources, and promoting the integration and coordinated development of urban functional spaces.

Analyzing and Pondering on the Regulation of Urban Construction Land Expansion

Change in urban construction land use is an important factor when studying urban expansion. Many scholars have combined cellular automata (CA) with data mining algorithms to perform relevant simulation studies. However, the parameters for rule extraction are difficult to determine and the rules are simplex, and together, these factors tend to introduce excessive fitting problems and low modeling accuracy. In this paper, we propose a method to extract the transformation rules for a CA model based on the Classification and Regression Tree (CART). In this method, CART is used to extract the transformation rules for the CA. This method first adopts the CART decision tree using the bootstrap algorithm to mine the rules from the urban land use while considering the factors that impact the geographic spatial variables in the CART regression procedure. The weights of individual impact factors are calculated to generate a logistic regression function that reflects the change in urban construction land use. Finally, a CA model is constructed to simulate and predict urban construction land expansion. The urban area of Xinyang City in China is used as an example for this experimental research. After removing the spatial invariant region, the overall simulation accuracy is 81.38% and the kappa coefficient is 0.73. The results indicate that by using the CART decision tree to train the impact factor weights and extract the rules, it can effectively increase the simulation accuracy of the CA model. From convenience and accuracy perspectives for rule extraction, the structure of the CART decision tree is clear, and it is very suitable for obtaining the cellular rules. The CART-CA model has a relatively high simulation accuracy in modeling urban construction land use expansion, it provides reliable results, and is suitable for use as a scientific reference for urban construction land use expansion.

A systematic understanding of the spatial-temporal evolution patterns of cultivated land fragmentation (CLF), its driving factors, and its relationship with the expansion of urban and rural construction land is essential for identifying strategies to mitigate CLF in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study combined landscape fragmentation with ownership fragmentation, analyzing CLF through three dimensions: resource endowment, spatial concentration, and convenience of utilization, with eight selected indicators. By comparing village-level data from 2013 to 2022, we explored the key drivers of CLF and its conflicts with urban and rural construction land expansion. The findings indicate a clear spatial variation in village-level CLF in Ezhou, characterized by low fragmentation in the northwest and northeast, and high fragmentation in the southwest and central regions. This pattern is in contrast to Ezhou’s economic development, which decreased progressively from east to north and south. Over the study period, village-level CLF in Ezhou evolved from being primarily moderately and relatively severely fragmented to predominantly severely and relatively severely fragmented, with an overall declining trend and more pronounced polarization. At the same time, the CLF within the village region demonstrated notable spatial clustering features, with a rapid increase observed between 2013 and 2022. It was also discovered that CLF is driven by various factors, with the main influences being the proportion of construction land, land use intensity, and population density. Cultivated land is the main source of both urban construction land (UCL) and rural construction land (RCL), with average contribution rates of 46.47% and 62.62%, respectively. This research offers empirical evidence for rapid urbanization and serves as a critical reference for rural revitalization and coordinated urban–rural development, with potential guidance for future policy formulation and implementation.

In the context of promoting high-quality economic development, it is of great significance to study the relationship between the expansion of urban construction land and carbon emission for the transformation of economic development mode and the implementation of green and low-carbon development. Based on the time series data of Nanchang City from 1995 to 2017, this paper analyzes the relationship between urban construction land expansion and carbon emission by constructing carbon emission measurement model, VAR model, using co integration test, Granger causality test, pulse analysis and other research methods. The results show that there is a co integration relationship between urban construction land expansion and carbon emissions, and Granger causality test shows that urban construction land expansion is the Granger cause of carbon emissions, while impulse response analysis confirms that the impact of urban construction land expansion on carbon emissions at the early stage is not significant, and the subsequent impact increases gradually, and the impact on carbon emissions will reach a stable state when urbanization is mature And put forward policy suggestions.

With the transformation of China's economy and social development, the issue of spatial expansion of the urban construction land and its driving forces has drawn extensive attention from both academic researchers and government departments. The analysis from the perspective of mega-events driving forces is firstly adopted in this paper, to take Taizhou metropolitan area in Jiangsu Province as a case study, which is a representative in the Yangtze River Delta in China's urbanization process. Remote sensing interpretation data of Landsat TM, and ALOS which represent main years' images of Taizhou metropolitan area within the last 20 years are used in the analysis. From the perspective of mega-events driving forces, statistical analysis, together with remote sensing, geographic information system methods and procedure analysis, is adopted to analyze the spatial expansion of urban construction land in Taizhou metropolitan area. The main conclusions are: the mega-events driving forces play an important role in spatial expansion of the urban construction land. In different periods the driving forces of spatial expansion of the urban construction land are significantly influenced by the national, regional and urban mega-events. For the last two decades, the dominant patterns of Taizhou metropolitan area urban construction land, in terms of spatial expansion, are spot-filling and extension, as well as transformation, point-axle corridor pattern, and satellite city pattern, which jointly form an net expansion pattern. The temporal expansion, however, is characterized by rotating development between the south and the north districts, and between urban districts, rural villages, and port regions along the Yangtze River. No research on such issue before was from the perspective of the mega-events driving forces, so this is the academic innovation in this paper.

This paper analyzed the spatial patterns of urban population changes and urban land expansion. Studies show that population concentrated into Adjacent Suburb Districts from Central City Districts and Remote Suburb Districts and Counties are the main characteristic of urban population changes of Beijing since 1982. Urban land expansion mainly took place in the central city and the surrounding areas. Starting at the central city, expanding along the main traffic lines and outspreading from a few hot spots are the main characteristics of urban land expansion in 1990s. Along with the fast expansion of urban and rural construction land, cropland and forestland area reduced notably and mainly converted into urban and rural construction land. It is obviously that urban population gathering to Adjacent Suburb Districts constantly caused the sprawling expansion of urban land and the sprawling of central city caused a lot of urban problems.

As a new product of rapid urbanization, the sprawl of urban construction land can objectively reflect urban land use efficiency, which is of great significance to China's new urban construction. This study aimed to summarize the expansion patterns and utilization efficiency of urban construction land in China from the perspectives of the status, speed and trends of expansion, and to uncover the key factors that lead to the differential distribution of the expansion of construction land. It can also provide land management experience for other countries with rapid expansion of construction land. The results show the following. (1) The expansion of China's construction land presents a "point–line–plane" pattern of evolution, forming changing stages of point-like aggregation, linear series and planar spread. (2) China's construction land shows the characteristics of disorderly spread, a low utilization rate and low output efficiency. The speed of expansion presents clear characteristics of being high in the east and low in the west, mostly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration. Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou have the highest intensity of construction land use. In Shandong Peninsula and eastern coastal areas, the intensity of the construction land use is generally high. In Xinjiang and Xizang, the intensity of construction land use is relatively low. (3) The urban economic level, population size, industrial structure, foreign investment and land policies have significant effects on the spatial distribution of the expansion of construction land.

Purpose: In order to reveal the evolution law, change trend and space differentiation characteristics and in turn provide scientific guidance for the overall planning of Chengdu city in the future, the expansion characteristics of urban construction land of municipal districts and counties of Chengdu are analyzed quantitatively. Method: For the four phase of TM image of 2000, 2004, 2010, 2014 in Chengdu, based on gis spatial analysis and spatial measurement, using the quadrant orientation and partition county analysis method, urban construction land, building density, urban expansion intensity index of the city and the faubourgs are analyzed quantitatively. The results show: (1)Urban construction land expansion on regions and counties research and according to the direction of quadrant presented obvious spatial differentiation, but the space difference according to regions and counties was more obvious.(2)urban construction land expansion evolution law on the districts and counties of Chengdu: From 2000 to 2014, the town construction land expansion speed changed from Urban highway, faubourgs low speed to Urban growth speed was slow, the faubourgs sped up, then evolved into overall expansion speed on districts and counties of Chengdu slowed down significantly.(3)urban construction density evolution law in each district and county of Chengdu: construction density of Six main areas basic increased from 2000 to 2010,part area declined from 2010 to 2014,part of the areas were still rising. Construction density of suburbs and suburban county had been on the rise from 2000 to 2014, but still below the city. (4) Change trend of urban construction density and urban construction land expansion intensity in each district and county of Chengdu: in the future urban construction density would be nearly unchanged, construction density of suburbs and suburban county would increase year by year; Change trend of urban construction land expansion intensity: the city would gradually enter a state of reverse expansion, the expansion of all suburbs and suburban counties would gradually become slower.

In China, ports have long served as a key engine of growth for coastal cities. Increases in coastal port throughput inevitably lead to port spatial expansion, which in turn drives construction land expansion in port cities. Consequently, ports are a critical factor shaping construction land expansion in coastal cities, with direct implications for spatial planning and sustainable development in coastal port cities. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how ports influence construction land expansion in coastal cities. This paper using multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression models and incorporating landscape metrics explores the impacts of ports on the expansion of urban construction land in coastal port cities. The findings reveal distinct characteristics of land expansion in port cities compared to non-port cities: (1) Macro-level changes: The expansion of construction land is driven by industrial restructuring, real estate development, port cargo traffic, population growth, and GDP growth. Industrial restructuring is the primary driver, while real estate development plays a significant role in land expansion. Port cargo demand serves as a unique driving factor compared to non-port cities, whereas population and GDP growth have minimal effects. (2) Micro-level spatial expansion: Land expansion is influenced by proximity to port shorelines, transportation infrastructure, and the degree of base construction land expansion. Expansion tends to concentrate along the port shoreline, transport hubs, and established urban areas. Elevation and slope are significant factors for coastal port cities, while rivers and proximity to core urban areas predominantly impact estuarine port cities. (3) Temporal patterns of expansion: Port development follows a phased pattern of land expansion: “Decline → Increase → Decline”. Ports also influence landscape patterns, with increased distance from the port shoreline leading to decreased patch density and higher landscape fragmentation. The results of this paper help to address gaps in existing research on how ports shape the spatial expansion of coastal cities. Furthermore, this paper provides insights for effective land use strategies, spatial planning, and port-city management, promoting coordinated land and marine development. It offers a foundation for addressing the integration of land and sea spatial planning in the “One Map” initiative.