Abstract
BackgroundPromoting physical activity is an important part of patient care in primary care and has been investigated in many studies with a wide range of intervention characteristics, often including external support. It is unclear, however, if promoting physical activity is effective.AimTo investigate the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions to promote physical activity in primary care.Design and settingThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate physical activity promotion in a primary care setting.MethodEMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Database were searched for ‘physical activity’, ‘interview’, ‘motivation’, ‘primary care’, and equivalent words to identify randomised controlled trials with physical activity as the outcome at patient level.ResultsThe review identified 25 eligible studies. The quality appraisal showed that most studies reported insufficient details regarding randomisation, group allocation, blinding, and fidelity of intervention delivery. The included studies reported a wide range of interventions with varying numbers of follow-up visits or phone calls. The overall effect size for interventions with a 6-month follow-up interval was 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.06 to 0.14), and for interventions with a 12-month follow-up interval it was 0.19 (95% CI = 0.03 to 0.36). Only one intervention based on three motivational interviewing sessions achieved a moderate effect.ConclusionCounselling to promote physical activity in primary care has a limited effect on patients’ behaviour and it might not, on its own, be enough to change physical activity behaviour.
Highlights
Promoting physical activity is an important part of patient care in primary care and has been investigated in many studies with a wide range of intervention characteristics often including external support
Inclusion: peer-reviewed randomised controlled trials investigating behaviour change consultations promoting physical activity engagement in a primary care setting; outcome parameter include physical activity levels; outcomes are at the patient level; articles reporting primary research studies in English, German, Italian, Spanish, French or Dutch; eligible studies retrieved through the reference lists of literature reviews
Physical activity promotion may have a limited effect if restricted to primary care settings, despite different consultation approaches being used
Summary
Promoting physical activity is an important part of patient care in primary care and has been investigated in many studies with a wide range of intervention characteristics often including external support. It is unclear, if promoting physical activity is effective. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions to promote physical activity in primary care. The included studies reported a wide range of interventions with varying numbers of follow-up visits or phone calls. Conclusion: Counselling to promote physical activity in primary care has a limited effect on patients’ behaviour and might not be, on its own, enough to change physical activity behaviour. Adults should complete muscle-strengthening activities at least twice a week and avoid sedentary behaviour for long, uninterrupted periods
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