Abstract

In order to promote harmonisation in a more effective manner in the European patent system, it is argued that this should not solely be done through legislation, but through judicial dialogue and cooperation. Through this means of informal harmonisation, progress can be made case-by-case, rather than waiting for legislation to be agreed upon and entered into force. This is already happening to good effect, as displayed through a number of examples, including the most recent example of Actavis v. Eli Lilly [2017] UKSC 48 in the UK Supreme Court. It is proposed by this article that official lines of communication should be opened among all judiciaries and Boards in the European patent system to improve this practice. Judicial cooperation would also be useful to the Unified Patent Court, if it becomes operational. Opening official lines of communication would be an important step towards a further harmonised European patent system and would increase legal certainty in this area.

Highlights

  • There have been many attempts to introduce a unitary patent system in Europe, in order to promote harmonisation, yet none have been successful far

  • It is proposed by this article that official lines of communication should be opened among all judiciaries and Boards in the European patent system to improve this practice

  • Not include all European Union (EU) Member States, let alone all European countries; second, whether or not the United Kingdom (UK) remains in the proposed unitary patent system post-Brexit is questionable; and third, the new system would not replace any of the current systems

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Summary

Introduction

There have been many attempts to introduce a unitary patent system in Europe, in order to promote harmonisation, yet none have been successful far. This article investigates an alternative and proposes that the most effective means of promoting harmonisation throughout the entire European patent system is judicial dialogue and cooperation.. This paper argues that legislating in this area is first difficult to reach a compromise on, second, takes a long time to enter into force, and third, does not always have the intended outcome It will set out an alternative way forward by developing a novel argument for why there needs to be a shift in thinking about how to secure harmonisation in this context. It does so by examining in detail a means for harmonisation without legislation, which maintains room for national diversity – that is, informal, yet effective, harmonisation by encouraging judicial dialogue and cooperation. The Unified Patent Court (UPC) can participate in judicial dialogue and cooperation with the currently existing institutions

The Harmonisation Agenda
Setting the Scene
Legislative Harmonisation in the EU
Pre-EPC
Enter the EPC
Changes Introduced by the EPC
Divergences Remain
Judicial Cooperation as a Way Forward for Harmonisation Without Legislation
Judicial Decisions
National Courts Looking Towards the BoA
National Courts Looking Towards Other National Courts
Other National Jurisdictions
BoA Looking Towards National Courts
BoA Looking Towards the CJEU
Existing and Attempted Formal Dialogue
Judicial Meetings and Appointments
Promoting Judicial Cooperation
The Case
The Resulting Implications
Conclusion
Full Text
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