Abstract
In order to enhance the biomass conversion and hydrogen production, the additive effects of ZrO2 and CeO2 to Fe/CaO catalysts prepared by the impregnation methods were investigated in the steam gasification of lignin. Firstly, the effect of Fe/ZrO2 and Fe/CeO2 loading contents on the catalytic performance was examined; then, the optimum ratios of Zr–Fe/CaO and Ce–Fe/CaO catalysts were compared with Fe/CaO catalyst. Regarding the lignin conversion and hydrogen gas production, the performance of these three catalyst follows the sequence of Zr–Fe/CaO> 5Fe/CaO > Ce–Fe/CaO. Results revealed that the addition of ZrO2 on Fe/CaO improved the gasification products, carbon conversion, and the cyclic stability of the catalyst which displayed considerably higher H2 yield with less residual char compared with other catalysts. Nevertheless, the CeO2 modified Fe/CaO catalyst exhibited relatively poor catalytic performance. The used catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA. Results showed that the coke formation over the Fe/CaO was more significant than that of ZrO2 modified Fe/CaO catalyst. Furthermore, the latter catalyst showed higher resistance to sintering. In stability test, ZrO2 modified Fe/CaO catalyst showed obvious catalytic activities and gave a nearly constant rate of hydrogen generation in all ten cycles, suggesting an excellent catalytic stability of this catalyst.
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