Promoting apoptosis effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in prostate adenocarcinoma cells

Abstract

Objective To detect whether deep sea fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahex-aenoic acid (DHA) in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and arachidonic acid (AA) in n-6 PUFAs play an important role in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cells and different prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Methods Using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, the effects of Fish oil, EPA, DHA and AA on the survival rate of PCa cells and prostate cells were tested. Western blotting and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the gene expression level of cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease (Caspase)-3. Results After the PCS-440-010 cells were incubated with different concentrations of Fish oil for 24 h, survival rate had no statistically significant difference as compared with control group. After PC-3 and DU145 cells were incubated with different concentrations of Fish oil for 24 h, the survival rate decreased by 27% and 40% (P<0.05) as compared with control group. After LNCaP cells were incubated with different concentrations of Fish oil for 24 h, survival rate had no significant change. After PC-3 (decreased by 13% and 26%) and DU145 (decreased by 16% and 30%) cells were incubated cells were incubated in the presence of EPA or DHA for 24 h, the survival rate was decreased obviously as compared with control group (P<0.05). After DU145 cells were incubated with AA for 24 h, the survival rate had no significantl changes. After DU145 cells were incubated with DHA 50 μmol/L for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, there was time-dependent between the survival rate of DU145 cells and DHA stimulus. DHA could increase the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner in DU145 cells. Conclusion DHA can reduce the survival rate of PCa cells concentration- and time-dependently, but had no effects on benign prostate cells. Key words: Prostatic adenocarcinoma; Androgen resistance prostate cancer; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Docosahex-aenoic acid