Abstract
BackgroundInterventions aiming to promote active school travel (AST) are being implemented globally to reverse AST decline. This systematic literature provides an update of AST interventions assessing study quality and theory use to examine progress in the field.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify and analyse AST interventions published between 2010 and 2016. Seven databases were searched and exclusion criteria were applied to identify 18 AST interventions. Interventions were assessed using the Active Living by Design (ALBD) Community Action (5P) Model and the Evaluation of Public Health Practice Projects (EPHPP). Methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of each intervention and their outcomes and extent of theory use were examined.ResultsSeven out of 18 studies reported theory use. The analysis of the interventions using the ALBD Community Action Model showed that Preparation and Promotion were used much more frequently than Policy and Physical projects. The methodological quality 14 out of 18 included interventions were assessed as weak according to the EPHPP framework.ConclusionNoted improvements were an increase in use of objective measures. Lack of theory, weak methodological design and a lack of reliable and valid measurement were observed. Given that change is evident when theory is used and when policy changes are included extended use of the ALBD model and socio-ecological frameworks are recommended in future.
Highlights
Interventions aiming to promote active school travel (AST) are being implemented globally to reverse AST decline
Intervention overview Forty articles were identified in this review, covering 18 AST interventions
All interventions were conducted in developed countries – including the United States (N = 6) [26,27,28,29,30,31], Europe (N = 6) (1 in Netherlands [32], 1 in Belgium [33], 1 in Norway [34], 1 in Sweden [35], 1 in Denmark [36], and 1 in the UK [37]), Australia (N = 2) [7, 38], New Zealand (N = 2) [39, 40], Canada (N = 1) [41], and both the UK and Canada (N = 1) [42]
Summary
Interventions aiming to promote active school travel (AST) are being implemented globally to reverse AST decline. This systematic literature provides an update of AST interventions assessing study quality and theory use to examine progress in the field. Active school travel (AST) remains an important source of physical activity for children [1]. Studies investigating the reasons behind the decline in AST point towards increasing use of car transportation, change in social norms [8], and parental. Behavioural change interventions have attempted to reverse the decline in AST. A systematic review by Chillon and colleagues [10] identified 13 interventions reporting a trivial to strong positive impact on AST behaviour. A review update to consider progress in the field is timely to extend understanding
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