Abstract

A sense of belonging (SoB) is a valued concept in campus-based learning, being firmly linked with improved student attainment, increased learners’ satisfaction and reduced attrition rates. Some researchers even assert that learners are unable to fulfil the goals of higher education without acquiring a SoB. This article recognises that SoB can help promote and consolidate learning and seeks to specify how tutors may nurture online learners’ SoB. An adapted version of the Community Inquiry Framework (CoIF) is used to frame specific suggestions for action. This revision of the well-known Framework focuses upon the overlapping intersections of the three Presences, entitled Influences: ‘Trusting’, ‘Meaning-making’ and ‘Deepening understanding’. For each Influence, guidance illustrated by examples is offered, leading to particular suggestions that concentrate upon the promotion of a sense of belonging as an important aspect of the online tutor’s facilitative activities.

Highlights

  • A sense of belonging (SoB) is a valued concept in campus-based learning, being firmly linked with improved student attainment, increased learner satisfaction, and reduced attrition rates

  • We currently are engaged in developing a practicable research methodology through two projects that will involve interviewing student volunteers to enable them to assist in action-research analyses of positive and negative examples of impact from SoB on their learning and learning experience

  • The previous sections have addressed tutoring presence in promoting social and cognitive presences in pairs to generate SoB, but in most cases the presences should be viewed as interlocking in a trio or necklace of influences that together generate the full, central educational experience through their combination (Peacock & Cowan, 2016)

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Summary

Importance to Learners of Having Sense of Belonging

Many published definitions can be found on the concept of sense of belonging (SoB), in an educational context. It involves feelings of being accepted, needed, and valued. It includes feelings of fitting in and being connected to a group, class, subject, institution, or all of these (Goodenow 1993b; Tovar & Simon, 2010; Vaccaro, Daly-Cano, & Newman, 2015). Many learners find the thought of posting on an online discussion forum to be daunting and view online group work as threatening (Baxter, 2012; Khan, Egbue, Palkie, & Madden, 2017; Whittaker, 2015) Such feelings, if dominant, certainly can inhibit a learner’s SoB, which will impact their ability to succeed

Definitions of Key Terms Used Throughout the Paper
Sense of Belonging in Online Learning
Influences on Online Learning Experience in a Community of Inquiry
Social presence
Our Perspectives in This Paper
Setting for Our Illustrative Examples
Illustrative Examples in Accredited Online Courses
General Suggestions for Promotion of SoB in the Trusting Influence
Evaluation of Causes and Impact of SoB
Final Illustrative Example From a Nonaccredited Course in a MOOC
Closing Suggestion for Facilitative Tutors
Conclusion and Limitations

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