Promising use nanoparticles in the base fluid of a system (preparation, stability test and critical analysis): A review

Abstract

In this paper, the mixing of nanoparticles and base fluid appears to have more remarkable result in the suitable system. Study on types and percentage of nanoparticles in solution is important to obtain optimum nanoparticles in the based fluid. Water, refrigerant, PAG (poly alkylene glycol) oil, POE (polyol ester) oil, and mineral oil are typical base fluids used by researchers. Nanoparticles are classified into four groups as metal (Al, Cu, Zn, Ni, Si, Fe), metal oxide (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2), carbon (graphene, diamonds, and carbon nanotubes), and metal hybrid (Al2O3 + MgO, combination of 2 type nanoparticles). Various procedures can be conducted to produce nanofluid at a specific time. Analysis of mixture of base fluid and nanoparticles is generally done using visual inspection. Some results showed the high sedimentation immediately at the bottom layer of the solution; hence, dispersant's role in some mixture base fluid production is tremendously essential. In this review paper, the current research showed that different materials and processes of production nanofluid cause significant decrease of compressor's work and increase of absorbed heat in the evaporator, which is utilized in the vapor compression refrigeration system. However, more nanoparticles contained in the nanofluid did not guarantee the best result in the experiment. From this review, further experiments may obtain more suitable amount of nanoparticles and base fluids.