Abstract
Regenerative medicine has recently improved the principal therapies in several medical fields. In the past ten years, the continuous search for novel approaches to treat the most common dental pathologies has developed a new branch called regenerative dentistry. The main research fields of translational dentistry involve biomimetic materials, orally derived stem cells, and tissue engineering to populate scaffolds with autologous stem cells and bioactive growth factors. The scientific literature has reported two main research trends in regenerative dentistry: scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches. This article aims to critically review the main biological properties of scaffold-free regenerative procedures in dentistry. The most impactful pros and cons of the exosomes, the leading role of hypoxia-based mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the strategic use of heat shock proteins in regenerative dentistry will be highlighted and discussed in terms of the use of such tools in dental regeneration and repair.
Highlights
IntroductionThe translational applications of regenerative medicine may impact on several fields of medicine
The translational applications of regenerative medicine may impact on several fields of medicine.In the past ten years, the relatively new field of regenerative dentistry has achieved several discoveries, such as biomimetic materials, new orally derived stem cells, or interesting methods to populate scaffolds with cells and bioactive factors [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Dental tissue engineering has pointed out a number of useful and smart abstract, and in the main text of articles published in PubMED-indexed journals in the timespan alternatives to the classic concept of a scaffold; we considered the combination of terms such as ranging from 1980 to 2020
Summary
The translational applications of regenerative medicine may impact on several fields of medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the main players of tissue regeneration; in the case of large bone defects, MSCs can be combined with scaffolds, achieving reparative or reconstructive results that are more effective than the physiological healing process [9,10]. The use of bioscaffolds in a surgical site can drive local stem cells towards the site in order to regenerate the surrounding tissue, while enabling improved differentiation between specific phenotypes [11,12,13]. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3001 in order to regenerate the surrounding tissue, while enabling improved differentiation between specific phenotypes [11,12,13]. Aim to briefly and critically discuss the most reliable, promising and predictable techniques of scaffold-free tissue regeneration and compare them to traditional techniques
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