Promising Potential of Crude Polysaccharides from Sparassis crispa against Colon Cancer: An In Vitro Study.

Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke,Marta Kinga Lemieszek,Renata Nowak,Wojciech Rzeski,Urszula Gawlik-Dziki,Zbigniew Kaczyński,Nikola Szpakowska

doi:10.3390/nu13010161

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the beneficial potential of crude polysaccharides from S. crispa (CPS) in one of the most common cancer types—colon cancer. The determination of the chemical composition of CPS has revealed that it contains mostly carbohydrates, while proteins or phenolics are present only in trace amounts. 1H NMR and GC–MS methods were used for the structural analysis of CPS. Biological activity including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CPS was investigated. CPS was found to be non-toxic to normal human colon epithelial CCD841 CoN cells. Simultaneously, they destroyed membrane integrity as well as inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines: Caco-2, LS180 and HT-29. Antioxidant activity was determined by various methods and revealed the moderate potential of CPS. The enzymatic assays revealed no influence of CPS on xanthine oxidase and the inhibition of catalase activity. Moreover, pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 or lipooxygenase were inhibited by CPS. Therefore, it may be suggested that S. crispa is a valuable part of the regular human diet, which may contribute to a reduction in the risk of colon cancer, and possess promising activities encouraging further studies regarding its potential use as chemopreventive and therapeutic agent in more invasive stages of this type of cancer.

Highlights

Polysaccharides constitute an abundant group of macromolecules present in fungal cell walls
The MTT test demonstrated no impact of the Crude Polysaccharides (CPS) on the metabolic activity of both The results of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay have shown that the crude polysaccharides isolated
The strongest inhibition of proliferation was observed in the HT-29 cells, The most significant changes were observed in the HT-29 cells, wherein the LDH level wherein the lowest and the highest investigated concentrations of CPS caused a decrease in response to CPS increased from 124.7% (10 μg/mL) to 146.1% (100 μg/mL)

Summary

Introduction

Polysaccharides constitute an abundant group of macromolecules present in fungal cell walls. Due to their wide structural variability, they have been shown to have great potential to be biological response modifiers (BRMs). Most polysaccharides present in mushrooms are water-soluble glucans with different types of glycosidic linkages, e.g.,. Mushrooms constitute an inexpensive and abundant source of glucans with healthpromoting potential. Nowadays, when the number of health-conscious consumers is growing, there is a need for developing new strategies for the acquisition of beneficial glucans. According to the latest data, the global market of β-glucans is expected to grow significantly and reach over 1 billion dollars in 2020 [4]

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