Promising Natural Approach: Caesalpinia bonduc Seed Extracts for Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Rats

Abstract

Background: It is essential to identify a therapy for hyperoxaluria that specifically focuses on reducing oxalate excretion since current therapies for urolithiasis have drawbacks. It is noteworthy to observe that the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc (Family: Caesalpiniaceae) have been historically used by several Indian tribes for the purpose of treating renal diseases. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of C. bonduc seed extracts as therapeutic agents in rats with experimentally generated calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Methodology: The experimental animals were given 0.75% of ethylene glycol orally for fourteen consecutive days in order to produce calcium oxalate lithiasis. C. bonduc seed extracts, 400 mg/kg of body weight in aqueous and ethanolic forms, were administered in the same way for a further 14 days in succession. The standard antiurolithiatic medicine used was cystone, administered at a dose of 750 mg/kg of body weight. The research primarily examined the quantification of serum biochemical markers and the elimination of salt constituents from urine and renal deposits, which were shown to be challenging. Results: Ethylene glycol administered orally caused hyperoxaluria and augmented calcium, phosphate, and oxalate excretion in the kidneys. Nevertheless, the administration of C. bonduc seed extracts effectively decreased the elevated levels of oxalate in the urine, showing an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of oxalate inside the human body. The renal accumulation of components that cause stone formation in rats with calculogenic conditions decreased considerably after the administration of curative treatments with aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings, it has been shown that C. bonduc seeds have lithontriptic action, which deserves further investigation as a potential remedy for urolithiasis. Further research is necessary to elucidate the specific phytoconstituents present in seeds that are responsible for their antiurolithiatic activity.