Abstract
In the garden plum assortment of Russia, until recently there was an almost complete absence of varieties with fruits suitable for making high-quality prunes, which prevented expansion of the production of this valuable product. This necessitated the selection of garden plum varieties suitable for prunes production in a number of scientific institutions of the country, including the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch. As a result of the works carried out at the station, the following results were obtained: In the gene pool of garden plum, Yubileynaya Sochinskaya and Blufry varieties were allocated. They combine high qualities of fruits for preparing prunes with good adaptability to the climatic conditions of South Russia, which have been used as selectionally valuable traits sources in programs of new dry fruit varieties’ creation. High-tech dry-fruit plum varieties combining adaptability with productivity and high prunes quality were selected; 8 of them are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. For different cultivation technologies of new plum varieties, zoned clone rootstocks bred on Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch are recommended: medium-grown drought-resistant with good trees’ root system anchoring (for mechanized fruit harvesting) - Zarevo, Evrika 99, Druzhba; small-grown - VVA 1, VSV 1, Best.
Highlights
Garden plum is one of the leading stone fruit crops in Russia
At the first stage of breeding work we have identified Jubileynaya Sochinskaya and Blufry varieties in the plum gene pool focused on Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch as sources combining high-quality fruits with adaptability for prunes preparation [11]
When breeding new dried fruit plum varieties, special attention was paid to taste, technological and commercial qualities of the product obtained by plum drying, as well as fruits ripening periods to create a conveyor ensuring a uniform flow of products to processing enterprises
Summary
Garden plum is one of the leading stone fruit crops in Russia. Its fruits are used both for fresh consumption and to produce canned food. The most valuable and popular are dried fruits: prunes - from fruits of "greengage" varieties and “dried plums” - from fruits of other varieties of this crop [1 - 4]. Since our country does not have fully established industrial production of dried fruits from plum fruits, until recently prunes were imported from other countries - Bulgaria, Serbia, Yugoslavia, France, USA [5 - 8]. Due to the imposition of sanctions on the importation of these products from abroad, their supply has significantly decreased, and the problem of import substitution of such products has emerged. The confectionery industry and the population is experiencing a shortage of dried fruits, including prunes
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