Promising breeding lines of grain peas as sources of new varieties

Abstract

The studies were carried out in 2016-2020 at experimental field of the Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute - a branch of the Samara Federal Research Scienlific Center RAS. The object of research was promising pea lines of selection of the Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute. The aim of the study was to evaluate the lines on the yield and quality of seeds, resistance to lodging, adaptability to environmental conditions and to identify the best lines for transfer to state variety testing. Experiments, counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The agrotechnology of peas in the experience is the usual accepted in the Samara region. The climatic conditions during the testing of the lines were different. According to the hydrothermal coefficient, the years of research can be estimated as humid (2017), dry (2016, 2018, 2019) and very dry (2020). A strong influence of the conditions of the year on the yield of lines was established. The contribution of meteorological conditions to the variation in grain yield was 80 %. Over the years of testing, the grain yield of the lines was either higher at the level of the “Samarius” standard variety. On average, the yield of the lines ranged from 3.05 to 3.36 t/ha, which is 0.1–00.41 t/ha higher than the standard. By the complex of adaptability indicators (bi, BVG – breeding value of the genotype), the lines Kt6358 and B3737/2-2 were distinguished. Lodging resistance for all lines was high, at the level of 82–89 %, while in the standard it was low, 57 %. The B3737/2-2 line with a protein content of 25.2 %, a seed cooking time of 116 minutes, a cooking property coefficient of 2.5 units and a cooked grains taste of 5 points turned out to be valuable in terms of seed quality. The pedigree of the line included “Flagman 10” and “Fokor” varieties with high quality, resistance to stressful environmental conditions, as well as “Taugo” variety with high seed productivity. Line B3737/2-2 was transferred in 2021 for state variety testing due to the high indicators of important economic characteristics.