Abstract
BackgroundThe marine environment hosts a wide variety of species that have evolved to live in harsh and challenging conditions. Marine organisms are the focus of interest due to their capacity to produce biotechnologically useful compounds. They are promising biocatalysts for new and sustainable industrial processes because of their resistance to temperature, pH, salt, and contaminants, representing an opportunity for several biotechnological applications. Encouraged by the extensive and richness of the marine environment, marine organisms’ role in developing new therapeutic benefits is heading as an arable field. Main body of the abstractThere is currently much interest in biologically active compounds derived from natural resources, especially compounds that can efficiently act on molecular targets, which are involved in various diseases. Studies are focused on bacteria and fungi, isolated from sediments, seawater, fish, algae, and most marine invertebrates such as sponges, mollusks, tunicates, coelenterates, and crustaceans. In addition to marine macro-organisms, such as sponges, algae, or corals, marine bacteria and fungi have been shown to produce novel secondary metabolites (SMs) with specific and intricate chemical structures that may hold the key to the production of novel drugs or leads. The marine environment is known as a rich source of chemical structures with numerous beneficial health effects. Presently, several lines of studies have provided insight into biological activities and neuroprotective effects of marine algae, including antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, and neuronal death inhibition. ConclusionThe application of marine-derived bioactive compounds has gained importance because of their therapeutic uses in several diseases. Marine natural products (MNPs) display various pharmaceutically significant bioactivities, including antibiotic, antiviral, neurodegenerative, anticancer, or anti-inflammatory properties. The present review focuses on the importance of critical marine bioactive compounds and their role in different diseases and highlights their possible contribution to humanity.
Highlights
Marine sources have played a significant role as an origin for lead molecules ascertained for various pharmacological utilizations in recent times
In this review, we have identified the derivatives of structurally unique Marine natural products (MNPs) obtained from marine sources
These MNPs display different potent bioactivities involving chemical effects and pharmaceutical activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, cytotoxic, neurodegenerative, and antimalarial activities because these MNPs derived from marine sources usually contain reactive groups such as -OH, -NH2, and -SH in their chemical structures, and may act as antioxidants
Summary
We have identified the derivatives of structurally unique MNPs obtained from marine sources. MNPs are well-known sources of secondary metabolites suggesting the potential for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and medical use It is of great economic value and can be used for its industrial and academic needs to its new horizons. For successful drug development of complicated structures, several hurdles must be overcome, including the supply problem and target identification. Another complication is that because of variable environmental conditions; the same organism may produce various metabolites at different times. The effectiveness of marine natural compounds as drug leads depends on advances in technology such as sampling methods, nanoscale NMR for structure characterization, total chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and genetic engineering.
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