Abstract
Simple SummaryPresently, the investigation of the tumor is carried out using different models. One of the promising areas is the creation of 3D tumor models, such as spheroids and organoids. These models are close in properties and organization to a native tumor. This review includes information about 3D tumor models, their differences, and methods for creating spheroids and organoids. The technical aspects of these models are summarized in this review. It provides an overview of the main uses of these models in personalized medicine to create a promising screening model for therapeutic agents and describes the latest research in this area. The combination of 3D tumor models and high-throughput approaches of personalized medicine (transcriptome, genomic, metabolomic, etc.) will open up new possibilities for the creation of improved therapy for oncological diseases.One of the promising directions in personalized medicine is the use of three-dimensional (3D) tumor models such as spheroids and organoids. Spheroids and organoids are three-dimensional cultures of tumor cells that can be obtained from patient tissue and, using high-throughput personalized medicine methods, provide a suitable therapy for that patient. These 3D models can be obtained from most types of tumors, which provides opportunities for the creation of biobanks with appropriate patient materials that can be used to screen drugs and facilitate the development of therapeutic agents. It should be noted that the use of spheroids and organoids would expand the understanding of tumor biology and its microenvironment, help develop new in vitro platforms for drug testing and create new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss 3D tumor spheroid and organoid models, their advantages and disadvantages, and evaluate their promising use in personalized medicine.
Highlights
More than 100 types of tumors have been identified [1,2]
There are a number of technologies used to obtain 3D tumor models, which are developed and take into account the characteristics of a native tumor [17]
The development of 3D tumor models can significantly increase the efficiency of screening for therapeutic drugs
Summary
More than 100 types of tumors have been identified [1,2]. These tumors have different localizations within tissues and consist of a variety of tumor cell types. The development of personalized medicine includes methods of preventing, diagnosing and treating a pathological condition based on the patient’s individual characteristics [4] Such individual characteristics consist of genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic markers of the patient’s entire body, tissues and cells [5]. The effects of potential drugs on whole organs/tissues are usually investigated in in vivo models. Research in 3D tumor models is more consistent with in vivo studies because it has important properties that make it more like native tissue. These models can contain several types of cells. The effect of tumor stem cells on the disease development and identifying new specific agents that target the CSC signaling pathways can be accurately investigated using a 3D model system [15]. It is important that 3D models can be obtained from each patient and provide the appropriate therapy for this patient, taking into account all their characteristics, and make a significant contribution to the understanding cancer biology in general and for the individual
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
