Abstract
ObjectiveAdult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients are at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, methods for risk stratification are not yet well‐defined. The Tpeak‐Tend (TpTe) interval, a measure of dispersion of ventricular repolarization, is a risk factor for SCD in non‐ACHD patients. We aim to evaluate whether TpTe can be used in risk stratification for SCD in ACHD patients.DesignFrom an international multicenter cohort of 25 790 ACHD patients, we identified all SCD cases. Cases were matched to controls by age, gender, congenital defect, and (surgical) intervention.Outcome MeasuresTpTe was measured on a standard 12‐lead ECG. The maximum TpTe of all ECG leads (TpTe‐max), mean (TpTe‐mean), and TpTe dispersion (maximum minus minimum) were obtained. Odds ratios (OR) for SCD cases vs controls were calculated using conditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsECGs were available for 147 cases (median age at death 33.5 years (quartiles 26.2, 48.7), 66% male) and 267 controls. The mean TpTe‐max was 97 ± 24 ms in cases vs 84 ± 17 ms in controls (P < .001); TpTe‐mean was 70 ± 16 vs 63 ± 10 ms (P < .001); and dispersion was 51 ± 22 ms vs 41 ± 16 ms (P = .02), respectively. Assessing each ECG lead separately, TpTe in lead aVR predicted SCD most accurately. TpTe in lead aVR was 71 ± 23 ms in cases vs 61 ± 13 ms in controls (P < .001). After adjusting for impaired ventricular function, heart failure symptoms, and prolonged QRS duration, the OR of SCD of TpTe in lead aVR at an optimal cutoff of 80 ms was 5.8 (95% CI 2.7‐12.4, P < .001).ConclusionsThe TpTe interval is associated with SCD in ACHD patients. Particularly, TpTe in lead aVR can be used as an independent risk factor for SCD in ACHD patients and may, therefore, add precision to current risk prediction models.
Highlights
Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).[1,2] SCD is difficult to predict, partly due to its relatively low overall incidence in ACHD patients, albeit manifold higher than in non-ACHD individuals of the same age
Conclusions Fragmented QRS-complexes (fQRS) was independently associated with SCD in ACHD patients in a cohort of SCD patients and matched controls. fQRS may contribute to the decision when evaluating ACHD patients for primary prevention of Congenital heart disease
The odds ratios (OR) for SCD in patients with vs. without fQRS was 2.0, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3–3.1, P = 0.003
Summary
Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).[1,2] SCD is difficult to predict, partly due to its relatively low overall incidence in ACHD patients, albeit manifold higher than in non-ACHD individuals of the same age. It is necessary to investigate additional markers for SCD in ACHD patients
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