Prolonged Slow Expiration (PSE) and Prone Position Intervention in Children : A Literature Review

Permaida Permaida,Fushen Fushen

doi:10.20884/1.jks.2021.16.2.1532

Abstract

<p>Nursing interventions to reduce the impact of respiratory problems in children aged &lt; 24 months in inpatient rooms are not only a science but also an art. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Prolonged Slow Expiration (PSE) and prone position in improving respiratory function in hospitalized children aged &lt; 24 months with respiratory distress in inpatient rooms. This literature review examined thirteen peer-reviewed journals based on inclusion criteria. The results of the review showed that PSE and prone position can reduce the respiratory frequency, maintain the neuromechanical diaphragm, and increase tidal volume. PSE was more effective at lowering the bronchiolitis scale score, preventing the child from experiencing moderate to severe respiratory distress, and decreasing relative sputum production. The prone position is more effective in increasing SaO2 even when using mechanical ventilation (MV), can increase maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI), provides sleeping comfort, improves cardiorespiratory function, reduces moderate to severe respiratory distress, and can perform intubation. It can be concluded that PSE is a safe and easy therapy to administer to mild respiratory distress patients but has not a significant effect on children &lt; 24 months with moderate to severe respiratory distress in inpatient rooms.</p>

Highlights

Children are susceptible to various diseases.UNICEF (2019) stated that respiratory problems are the main cause of death in children in poor and developing countries. Nayani et al (2018) supported the nation and reported that respiratory problems were the global death in children aged under 5 years
Of the 13 studies that have been reviewed, it was proven the effectiveness of Prolonged Slow Expiration (PSE) therapy and prone position to improve the respiratory status of hospitalized children aged < 24 months in inpatient rooms
PSE therapy and prone position are effective in reducing the respiratory frequency and improving lung function to speed up the healing process in children aged < 24 months with respiratory distress, and this is a recommended nursing intervention in pediatric wards

Summary

Introduction

Children are susceptible to various diseases.UNICEF (2019) stated that respiratory problems are the main cause of death in children in poor and developing countries. Nayani et al (2018) supported the nation and reported that respiratory problems were the global death in children aged under 5 years. UNICEF (2019) stated that respiratory problems are the main cause of death in children in poor and developing countries. Nayani et al (2018) supported the nation and reported that respiratory problems were the global death in children aged under 5 years. 1,017,290 children (Kemenkes RI, 2019). Child respiratory problems are caused by immaturity of the lungs of premature babies and respiratory infections that originate from various pathogens that attack the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli followed by severity ranging from mild to severe (Orloff et al, 2019) (Rahmawati et al, 2020). PSE and prone position are non-pharmacological therapies that can be given to children which are a science and an art in independent nursing practice (Liu et al., 2018). PSE is nonpharmacological-advanced chest physiotherapy that can stimulate children’s diaphragm to clear the lungs from secretions and increase oxygenation

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Conclusion