Prolonged Fasting Improves Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Mediated Ischemic Angiogenesis in Mice

Abstract

Background/Aims: Prolonged fasting (PF) was shown to be of great potency to promote optimal health and reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. This study sought to determine the effect of PF on the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-mediated angiogenesis in the ischemic brain and cerebral ischemic injury in mice. Methods: Mice were subjected to PF or periodic PF after cerebral ischemia, and histological analysis and behavioral tests were performed. Mouse EPCs were isolated and examined, and the effects of EPC transplantation on cerebral ischemic injury were investigated in mice. Results: It was found that PF significantly increased the EPC functions and angiogenesis in the ischemic brain, and attenuated the cerebral ischemic injury in mice that was previously subjected to cerebral ischemia. Periodic PF might reduce cortical atrophy and improve long-term neurobehavioral outcomes after cerebral ischemia in mice. The eNOS and MnSOD expression and intracellular NO level were increased, and TSP-2 expression and intracellular O₂^- level were reduced in EPCs from PF-treated mice compared to control. In addition, transplanted EPCs might home into ischemic brain, and the EPCs from PF-treated mice had a stronger ability to promote angiogenesis in ischemic brain and reduce cerebral ischemic injury compared to the EPCs from control mice. The EPC-conditioned media from PF-treated mice exerted a stronger effect on cerebral ischemic injury reduction compared to that from control mice. Conclusion: Prolonged fasting promoted EPC-mediated ischemic angiogenesis and improved long-term stroke outcomes in mice. It is implied that prolonged fasting might potentially be an option to treat ischemic vascular diseases.