Abstract
Aim:We investigated whether children and adolescents with concussion history show cognitive–motor integration (CMI) deficits.Method:Asymptomatic children and adolescents with concussion history (n = 50; mean 12.84 years) and no history (n = 49; mean: 11.63 years) slid a cursor to targets using their finger on a dual-touch-screen laptop; target location and motor action were not aligned in the CMI task.Results:Children and adolescents with concussion history showed prolonged CMI deficits, in that their performance did not match that of no history controls until nearly 2 years postevent.Conclusion:These CMI deficits may be due to disruptions in fronto-parietal networks, contributing to an increased vulnerability to further injury. Current return-to-play assessments that do not test CMI may not fully capture functional abilities postconcussion.
Highlights
Aim: We investigated whether children and adolescents with concussion history show cognitive–motor integration (CMI) deficits
In order to investigate whether possible performance deficits were related to the time since the last concussion, we correlated all dependent main variables (RT, movement time (MT), Total movement time (TMT), Corrective movement time (CMT), PL, ballistic pathlength (BallPL), peak velocity (PeakVel), absolute error (AE), Variable error (VE), AbsOn, AbsOff and Direction reversals (DR)) with the time since last concussion with a linear and nonlinear regression analysis
In order to test if performance declines would be significantly larger for the decoupled version of our task, that is, the nonstandard mapping condition (HR), we compared participants’ performance as a function of their change from standard mapping condition V
Summary
Fifty children and adolescents with a history of sportrelated concussion (12.84 ± 1.61 years; 25 females) and healthy aged matched controls (11.63 ± 1.93 years; females) participated in this study. Mean reaction time (RT) across trials was calculated as the time between disappearance of the central target and movement onset, that is, when the participant began the movement execution by sliding the cursor toward the target. Corrective movement time (CMT) was calculated as the difference between TMT and MT, that is, the time the participants required for their movement correction until finishing their trial. Full pathlength (FullPL) was calculated as the distance between start and end location of the cursor movement. From the line in either direction between the center of the central and peripheral target during the first half of each movement, and were recorded as a percentage of completed trials
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