Abstract
Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is used primarily as an adaptogen herb and also for its immune stimulant properties in Western herbal medicine. Another closely related species used in East Asian medicine systems i.e. Kampo, TCM (Manchuria, Korea, Japan and Ainu of Hokkaido) and also called Siberian ginseng (Acanthopanax senticosus) also displays immune-stimulant and anti-cancer properties. These may affect tumour growth and also provide an anti-fatigue effect for cancer patients, in particular for those suffering from lung cancer. There is some evidence that a carbohydrate in Siberian ginseng may possess not only immune stimulatory but also anti-tumour effects and also display other various anti-cancer properties. Our study aimed to determine the inhibitory and also proliferative effects of a methanol plant extract of Siberan ginseng (E. senticosus) on various cancer and normal cell lines including: A-549 (small cell lung cancer), XWLC-05 (Yunnan lung cancer cell line), CNE (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line), HCT-116 (human colon cancer) and Beas-2b (human lung epithelial). These cell lines were treated with an extract from E. senticosus that was evaporated and re- constituted in DMSO. Treatment of A-549 (small cell lung cancer) cells with E. senticosus methanolic extract showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory trend from 12.5 - 50μg/mL, and then a plateau, whereas at 12.5 and 25 μg/mL, there is a slight growth suppression in QBC-939 cells, but then a steady suppression from 50, 100 and 200μg/mL. Further, in XWLC-05 (Yunnan lung cancer cell line), E. senticosus methanolic extract displayed an inhibitory effect which plateaued with increasing dosage. Next, in CNE (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line) there was a dose dependent proliferative response, whereas in Beas-2 (human lung epithelial cell line), an inhibitory effect. Finally in colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) we observed an initially weak inhibitory effect and then plateau.
Highlights
Diet can play a major role in the development or alleviation of chronic illness such as staple oil type (He et al, 2014), or phytochemicals present in green tea (Cichello et al, 2013)
In XWLC-05 (Yunnan lung cancer cell line), E. senticosus methanolic extract displayed an inhibitory effect which plateaued with increasing dosage
It is well established that Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) and its main active phytochemical Ginsenoside Rg1 has been shown to posses’ anti-cancer effects in vitro (Jun Liu et al, 2012; Jing et al, 2014; Zhi-Mei You et al, 2014) and in vivo (Ichihara et al, 2002)
Summary
Diet can play a major role in the development or alleviation of chronic illness such as staple oil type (He et al, 2014), or phytochemicals present in green tea (Cichello et al, 2013). It is well established that Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) and its main active phytochemical Ginsenoside Rg1 has been shown to posses’ anti-cancer effects in vitro (leukemia cells) (Jun Liu et al, 2012; Jing et al, 2014; Zhi-Mei You et al, 2014) and in vivo (intestinal carcinogenesis) (Ichihara et al, 2002). Siberian ginseng comprises of two closely related genus; (Eleutherococcus senticosus) and (Acanthopanax senticosus). Animal studies and clinical studies have shown various anti-fatigue effects of Siberian ginseng supplementation (cortex) given to mice in a swimming fatigue test, which has been attributed to the phytochemical Eleutheroside B (Li et al, 2008) eleutheroside E, E2 and derivatives (Kimura et al, 2004), eleutheroside E, and reduced natural killer cell activity and reduced corticosterone hormone elevation during the swimming test (Huang et al, 2011). When compared with stress management training (SMT), supplementation with Siberian ginseng was found
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