Abstract
The paper describes the stages of studying the biochemical heterogeneity of gluten proteins of wheat grain as an important factor in the baking quality of flour. It has been shown that the biochemical heterogeneity of gluten proteins is caused by genetic factors. Modern electrophoretic methods on gel carriers make it possible to study the component protein composition of varieties, biotypes, lines, split hybrids and to identify the Mendelian units of the spectrum (genes, alleles). The application of the idea of the genetic nomenclature of the hereditary unit of gliadins (a block of components) is over 40 years old, and it was proposed by domestic scientists (Kopus, Poperelya, Sozinov). This made it possible to compile catalogs of blocks of components (alleles), to study their correlation with quality, frost resistance and other traits, to develop a scale for combining gliadin blocks in the spectrum of varieties for the breeding assessment of samples from agro-nurseries. It has been established that electrophoregrams of prolamins serve as a reliable criterion to identify seed genotypes of commercial varieties by laboratory methods.
Highlights
The paper describes the stages of studying the biochemical heterogeneity of gluten proteins of wheat grain as an important factor in the baking quality of flour
It has been shown that the biochemical heterogeneity of gluten proteins is caused by genetic factors
The application of the idea of the genetic nomenclature of the hereditary unit of gliadins is over 40 years old, and it was proposed by domestic scientists (Kopus, Poperelya, Sozinov)
Summary
Клейковина – это вязкий, упруго-эластичный комплекс гидратированного белка, состоящий из глиадинов и глютенинов. Гибридологический анализ компонентного состава глиадина озимых мягких пшениц в сочетании со знанием генетического контроля этого признака (Shepherd, 1968; Рыбалка, 1975) был применен нами (Созинов, 1975) одними из первых в мире с целью идентификации отдельных генов (аллелей) с использованием электрофоретических методов. М. Копусь) при проведении гибридологического анализа гибридов F2–F4 от скрещивания сортов Безостая 1 и Днепровская 521 (Созинов, 1974). 1. Электрофореграммы глиадина сортов Безостая 1 (а), Днепровская 521 (б) и легкоотличимые типы гибридов от их скрещивания. На рисунке 1 представлены электрофореграммы глиадина родительских сортов Безостая 1, Днепровская 521 и четыре легкоотличимых типов этого белка у гибридов от их скрещивания. Первый тип электрофореграмм гибридов неотличим от электрофореграмм глиадина сорта Безостая 1 (Gld 4.1.1.1.1.1), четвертый – от электрофореграммы глиадина сорта Днепровская 521 (Gld 1.2.1.1.1.1). 2. Расщепление по блокам компонентов глиадина в F2–F4 при скрещивании сортов Безостая 1 и Днепровская 521. Splitting the gliadin components in F2–F4 into blocks when crossing the varieties ‘Bezostaya 1’ and ‘Dneprovskaya 521’
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