Abstract
Prolactin Signaling in Mammary Gland Development
Highlights
It has been over 60 years since Riddle et al (1) purified a hormone from the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulated milk secretion in the mammary gland of virgin rabbits
Thereafter cell lines derived from mammary tissue and studies using transgenic animals were instrumental in the identification, characterization, and biological verification of PRL response elements in the promoters of genes expressed in the mammary gland (17–22)
Transfection experiments of mutated promoter fragments into HC11 cells led to the demonstration that GAS (TTCNNNGAA) convey PRL responsiveness and are recognized by mammary gland factor (MGF) (25)
Summary
From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1812. It has been over 60 years since Riddle et al (1) purified a hormone from the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulated milk secretion in the mammary gland of virgin rabbits. The synergistic approaches of biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and cell biology have unveiled several molecular switches in the PRL signaling cascade (Fig. 1). Stat5a is in the line of fire of many signals such as PRL, growth hormone (GH), and several cytokines, its absence in vivo reveals an unexpected level of specificity
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