Abstract

THE presence of the pituitary1, or, more specifically, the presence of the erythrosinophilic cells of the pro-adenohypophysis2, is necessary for fresh-water survival in the euryhaline cyprinodont, Fundulus heteroclitus. Failure, with symptoms of asthenia, is correlated with a fall in serum chloride. Hypophysectomized F. heteroclitus can be maintained in fresh-water by intraperitoneal injections of Fundulus pituitary brei. Crude pituitary preparations from other species may be partially effective (perch, rat). Replacement therapy with synthetic or partially purified hormones led to the discovery that mammalian adenohypophyseal preparations with prolactin activity can prevent failure3,4. Purified ovine prolactin was highly effective, and significant prolongation or maintenance of survival was observed with bovine prolactin and with primate growth hormone preparations containing prolactin activity. Ovine prolactin also prolongs fresh-water survival in hypophysectomized Poecilia latipinna5, Xipho-phorus maculatus6, and Tilapia mossambica7.

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