Abstract
In recent years, studies regarding a new source of tsunami-genic earthquake at South China Sea region known as Manila Trench earthquake have attracted the attention of many researchers. It is expected that this subduction zone is capable to trigger large moment magnitude earthquake and affects countries located within South China Sea. The objective of this study is to project tsunami wave height and arrival time generated from Manila Trench earthquake towards coastal areas located along east-coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This study focuses on simulating tsunami at four different moment magnitudes by using TUNA-M2 model to record wave height and arrival time at the offshore areas. Then the Green’s law is used to approximate reliable tsunami wave height when approaching onshore. Results obtained in this study showed that tsunami waves from Manila Trench are estimated to arrive at coastal areas of east-coast Peninsular Malaysia between 9.1 to 10.25 hours post-earthquake occurrence. The observation points located at offshore of Kelantan are anticipated to experience the highest wave height as compared to other observation points located at offshore areas of Terengganu and Pahang. This study is important to the coastal communities as it provides vital information on possible tsunami occurrences in the future.
Highlights
Earthquake is a coastal geological process usually occurred along the subduction zones
East-coast of Peninsular Malaysia is still safe from any tsunami disaster, but in recent years, there are studies that stated the existence of an earthquake epicenter located at South China Sea which can affect the east-coast of Peninsular Malaysia, recognized as Manila Trench [2][3][4]
A study conducted by Mardi et al [10] determined tsunami wave height and arrival time from Manila Trench to Malaysia’s offshore blocks where oil and gas activities are operated along east-coast of Peninsular Malaysia within the South China Sea
Summary
Earthquake is a coastal geological process usually occurred along the subduction zones. The plates that collided with each other transferred the energy to seawater, creating large impulsive disturbance to the calm water surface and developed hazardous tsunami waves. This colliding event pushed a huge area of ground located under the sea impacting the water overlying it to move upwards. The impacts of earthquake induced tsunami from Manila Trench subduction zone to the observation points located at east-coast of Peninsular Malaysia are investigated. The states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang located along east-coast of Peninsular Malaysia are anticipated to be affected by tsunami originated from Manila Trench. It should be noted that the tsunami wave height and arrival time were taken when the first peak of tsunami waves reaches the observation point
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