Abstract
This chapter evaluates the evolution of Dead Sea brines. In a study discussed in the chapter, water samples were analyzed for major elements along several profiles in the Northern Basin. In addition, bottom sediments were collected by a modified Petterson Grab and analyzed for minerals. A bathythermograph survey was also conducted down to a maximum depth of 200 meters. An average composition and degree of saturation for halite were analyzed from the obtained data. From 1960 to 1976, the evolution of the Dead Sea brines showed a slight change in lower water mass and a significant one in the upper water mass. The changes in halite supersaturation degree and sodium/chloride (Na/Cl) ratios indicated a clear separation between these two water masses in the early sixties that disappeard gradually from 1975 onward. Experimental observations of the Dead Sea brines failed to discern the stratification described by Neev and Emery. This was presumed to be due to the climatic effects and human activities that resulted in a drop in the water level.
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