Abstract
AbstractThis chapter introduces the project methods based on analyses of controlled cattle samples with known life history. The pathological scoring approaches, including Pathological Index (PI) and Pathological Index-refined (PIr), and the method of morphometrics are employed for traction and non-traction samples collected from both European countries and China. Ethnographic evaluations for cattle loading, harness, workdays, and team size etc. between European and Chinese samples are also included. Phalanges and metapodials from controlled assemblages are analysed with the methods of PI, PIr, and morphometrics, revealing that the traction cattle can be well separated from the non-traction groups. Other potential factors such as body mass, age, and breed are also examined with appropriate statistical analyses.KeywordsCattle tractionMethodologyControlled samplesPIPIrMorphometrics
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