Abstract
Abstract Worldwide use of mobile phones has provoked intense concern regarding the potential biological effects of radiofrequency (RF) fields on the brain. Given the important roles of inflammation and immunization in neural physiopathologic processes, we investigated the proinflammatory responses of neuroglia cells after RF exposure. In the present study, we exposed cultured mouse microglia cell line (N9) and mouse astrocyte cell line (CRL-2541) to 1800 MHz RF modulated by 217 Hz for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours with a special absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg and a duration of 5 min on/10 min off. The RF exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in N9 and CRL-2541 cells. Concomitant with this finding, the TNF-α and IL-1β releases were elevated by RF exposure in both neuroglia cell culture mediums. In addition, the RF exposure enhanced the gene and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) in both cell lines. The releases of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), which are the productions of iNOS and COX 2 respectively, were also increased by the RF exposure in the two cell lines. Our results indicate that exposure to 1800 MHz RF (SAR=2 W/kg) may evoke proinflammatory responses in mouse microglia and astrocyte.
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